Endocrine Basics
This system uses chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream.
What is the endocrine system?
This hormone lowers blood sugar after eating.
What is insulin?
This hormone causes “fight or flight.”
What is epinephrine?
DOUBLE JEOPARDY: This gland is known as the “master gland.”
Pituitary gland
These two hormones regulate the menstrual cycle.
What are estrogen and progesterone?
Endocrine responses are slower than nervous system responses, but they last _____.
What is longer?
This hormone raises blood sugar between meals.
What is glucagon?
DOUBLE JEOPARDY: This hormone is responsible for long-term stress response.
What is cortisol?
This gland links the nervous and endocrine systems.
Hypothalamus
This hormone triggers ovulation.
What is LH?
This is the main job of the endocrine system.
What is maintaining homeostasis?
DOUBLE JEOPARDY: A diabetic patient cannot produce insulin. What happens to their blood sugar and what type of diabetes is this?
What is blood sugar stays high and Type 1 Diabetes?
Which hormone helps the kidneys conserve water when dehydrated?
What is ADH?
Which gland releases insulin and glucagon?
What is the pancreas?
This hormone stimulates milk production.
What is prolactin?
DOUBLE JEOPARDY: This explains why hormones do not affect every cell in the body.
What are receptors (only cells with receptors respond)?
Which hormone would be released first after a large meal and why?
What is insulin, because blood sugar is high?
A student is growing rapidly during puberty. Which hormone is most responsible?
What is growth hormone?
Stress hormones like epinephrine come from these glands.
What are the adrenal glands?
Which hormone causes milk ejection and uterine contractions?
What is oxytocin?
Name one key difference between the endocrine and nervous systems AND explain why it matters.
Endocrine = slower, longer-lasting; nervous = fast, short-term (example explanations vary)
Predict what happens if glucagon is not working properly.
What is low blood sugar between meals / inability to raise glucose?
A girl who just gave birth is feeling a bond with her chid and producing milk for breastfeeding. Which two hormones would be involved in this?
What is oxytocin and prolactin?
A patient has metabolism issues. Which gland is likely affected and why?
What is the thyroid, because it regulates metabolism?
DOUBLE JEOPARDY : What are the trends found as women and men age in testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone?
Males:
Testosterone decreases between 1 and 11 years old.
Progesterone starts higher in males before it falls and then plateaus or stays steady at 0.5 ng/mL for the rest of their lives.
Estrogen starts high, decreases between 1 to 12 years old, then increases until they are 15 and stays steady for the rest of their lives.
Females:
Testosterone is high at birth, then decreases until age 10 when it increases, and then decreases after age 35.
Estrogen is low until age 15 when it increases significantly before a significant decrease at age 65.
Progesterone increases and plateaus or stays steady after age 11 until age 65, when it drops significantly.