Directional and Regional
Tissues and Bones Intro
Muscles
Nervous System
Action Potential
Endocrine System
100
Words that describe specific regions or locations on the body.
Regional Terms
100
Function of each tissue below:
Nervous
Epithelial
Muscle
Connective
Signal
Cover/line
move
join
100
Which muscle type is involuntary, striated, and contains intercalated discs?
cardiac muscle
100
What are the parts of the central nervous system?
brain and spinal cord
100
What stage of an action potential is when the potassium channels open?
repolarization
100
What are 2 differences between the endocrine system and the nervous system
blood/neurons
slow/fast
chemical only/both chemical and electrical
200
Which bones make up the appendicular skeleton?
bones in the arms and legs and limb girdles
200
Cells -> ____________ -> Organs -> _________->
Organism
Tissues
Body System
200
What does the endomysium do?
covers individual muscle fibers
200
This part of the brain controls vision
occipital lobe
200
What is the threshold number and what does it mean?
-55 mV
Action potential cannot start until -55 mV has been reached
200
This is released when you haven't eaten in awhile
glucagon
300
Define these terms:
Buccal
Carpal
Cervical
Femoral
Inguinal
Cheek
Wrist
Neck
Thigh
Groin
300
An example of each bone type:
Long bone
Short bone
Flat bone
Irregular bone
femur/humerus
carpals/tarsals
scapula/temporal bone/occipital
vertebrae
300
What is an insertion on a muscle?
the muscle attachment that moves
300
This controls the sleeping and waking cycle
pineal gland
300
In a neuron, an insulating coat of cell membrane from Schwann cells that is interrupted by nodes of Ranvier.
myelin sheaths
300
This gland is known as the master gland
pituitary gland
400
Define these terms:
Dorsal
Anterior
Proximal
Inferior
Medial
backside
face side
closer to point of attachment
below
towards the middle
400
What is each break above?
Spiral
comminuted
Transverse
400
A fixed, or immovable, joint that connects bones. It is made primarily of collagen.
Fibrous
400
This part of the brain controls speech production
Broca's areas
400
What works throughout the entire action potential and what does it do?
Na/K pump
3 sodium out/2 potassium in
400
Thyroid Releasing Hormone (TRH) is released by what gland
Hypothalamus
500
Fill in these sentences with the most correct answers using directional terms:
The calcaneal region is ________ the popliteal region
The umbilical region is _________ to the axillary region
The occipital region is __________ to the orbital region
distal
inferior/medial
anterior/ventral
500
What are the four stages of bone repair?
Hematoma formation
Fibrocartilage callus formation
Bony Callus formation
Bone remodeling
500
Explain what happens once calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum until the sarcomere contracts.
calcium binds to troponin which causes the tropomyosin to show the myosin binding sites on actin. The myosin head with the ADP and P on them then binds the actin binding site pulling the actin towards each other causing the sarcomere to contract.
500
These help increase the surface area of the brain?
sulci and gyri
500
What is the charge inside the neuron during resting? What ions are located where during resting?
negative inside
Na out/K in
500
Explain how insulin helps decrease blood sugar start with blood sugar increasing. Be specific.
blood sugar increases which causes the beta cells on the pancreas to release insulin into the blood. Insulin travels to the liver cells and attaches to the insulin receptor which opens the glucose transporter and lets glucose in. Excess glucose is stored as glycogen.