Cardiovascular System
Respiratory System
Body Guards
Eye Conditions & Urinary Intro
Urinary System
100
This is the pacemaker of the heart
SA node
100
Explain the difference between the left and right lung.
right lung has 3 lobes: super, middle, inferior
100
What is a virus? Explain 2 characteristics.
Non-living microscopic agents made up of an outer protein shell, called a capsid, and either DNA or RNA.
100
What condition of the eye has symptoms of inflammation of the clear area of the eye, increased blood flow that causes redness?
pink eye/conjunctivitis
100
What is reabsorption and why is it important?
returning useful substances (water, glucose, salts) back into the blood stream because these substances need to be used in the body. Allowing the urinary system to only get rid of excess substances and also toxic substances
200
What is the difference between arteries and veins. List 3 things.
Arteries:
away from heart
thicker and muscular
higher pressure
Veins:
toward the heart
thinner less muscular
lower pressure
200
During inhalation what is the diaphragm doing?
contracted (down) to pull in air
200
Explain 2 ways skin can help protect from and infection.
-skin is part of the 1st line of defense as a physical barrier
-commensal bacteria, fungi, and viruses living on the skin help protect aid in protection
200
What kind of parasite causes Loiasis?
worm
200
What are the 3 parts of a urinalysis test?
Microanalysis
Chemical Analysis
Macroanalysis
300
Where is the cephalic vein located?
upper arm
300
Trace oxygen that enters the oral/nasal cavity until it enters the capillaries.
Nasal/oral cavity > pharynx > Larynx > Trachea > left or right Bronchus > bronchiole > alveoli > diffusion into capillary where oxygen can then be transported through the body.
300
Explain 2 characteristics of acquired immunity.
Specific immune defense mechanisms.
This type of immunity is acquired over a lifetime.
300
Trace the path of urine through the urinary system
kidneys > Ureters > bladder > urethra
300
Trace filtrate through the nephron
glomerulus > Bowman's Capsule > PCT > Descending loop of Henle > Ascending loop of Henle > DCT > Collecting Duct
400
Trace electrical currents through the heart
SA node > AV node > bundle of His > Bundle branches > Purkinje Fibers
400
Explain what D is on the above graph.
Tidal Volume: the volume of air breathed in and out without conscious effort
400
Draw a graph that shows the concentration of antibodies during initial exposure and secondary exposure.
400
Which part(s) of the kidney would you expect to find a nephron
medulla and cortex
400
What GFR indicates a need of a kidney transplant?
15 or less
500
Explain what is happening in the heart at each wave.
P wave: SA node fires when atria is full of blood causing them to depolarize, leads to atrial contraction
QRS complex: firing of AV node, ventricular depolarization, leads to ventricular contraction
T wave: ventricular repolarization followed by ventricular relaxation
500
Explain what asthma is and how it impacts the respiratory system.
inflammation and constriction of bronchioles which makes it harder to breathe because airways are restricted.
500
Explain how viruses infect cells.
A summary of this:
-attach to surface of specific host cell
-virus DNA/RNA enters host cell
-removal (uncoating) of capsid, releasing viral genome
-host cell replicates viral DNA/RNA and undergoes protein synthesis
-virions (new viruses) are created
-virions mature within host cell
-virions are released from host cell
500
Explain where filtration happens and what is and isn't part of the filtrate created.
glomerulus into the bowman's capsule
salt, sugar, water, and urea waste is part of the filtrate
blood and protein should not be
500
A disease is autosomal recessive. A heterozygous woman and a homozygous dominant man have a child. What is the probability that their child will have the disease?
0