Normal Values
7.35 - 7.45
What is the normal pH of the arterial blood?
The location of the thirst center?
The location of the respiratory center?
What is the hypothalamus?
What is the medulla oblongata and pons, in the brainstem?
Common cause of respiratory alkalosis
What is hyperventilation or anxiety?
A client presents with fatigue, nausea, vomiting, muscle weakness, & leg cramps. Lab values are as follows: Na+ 147 mEq/L K+3.0 mEq/L Mg ++ 2.3 mg/dL Ca ++ 8.5 mg/dL Which of the following is consistent with the client's findings? a. Hypernatremia b. Hyperchloremia c. Hypomagnesia d. Hypokalemia
What is d. Hypokalemia Clinical signs are fatigue, nausea, vomiting, muscle weakness, leg cramps, decreased bowel motility and paresthesia.
pH is regulated by which two organ systems?
What is respiratory and renal systems?
95 - 100%
What is the normal range of SaO2?
The most abundant cation in the extracellular (ECF) compartment?
What is sodium?
pH 7.50 PaCo2 28 mm Hg HCO3 24 mEq/L
What is Respiratory Alkalosis?
Delayed or tented skin turgor is a sign of?
What is dehydration?
pH 7.2 is considered what? Acidotic or Alkalotic
pH of 7.48 is considered what? Acidotic or Alkalotic
What is acidotic?
What is alkalotic?
22 - 26 mEq/L
What is the normal range for arterial HCO3?
A solution that has large amount of solutes dissolved in it.
What is a hypertonic solution?
pH 7.18 PaCO2 44 mm Hg HCO3 16 mEq/L
What is Metabolic Acidosis?
1. Crackles, BP increase, Bounding pulse, Wt. increase of > 2 - 3 pounds in a day, JVD - these are symptoms of what?
2. Weight change of 1 pound is equal to a fluid volume change of how many _______ mL?
1. What are symptoms of fluid overload?
2. What is a change of approximately 500 mL?
82 y/o client brought to ER by family, she has had diarrhea for 3 days. She has not been eating or drinking well, but has been taking her diuretic for her CHF. She has been receiving LR IV for rehydration. What does the nurse monitor during rehydration of the client?
BP
Pulse rate & quality
urine output
wt.
turgor
35 - 45 mm Hg
What is the normal range CO2?
When this is secreted, it acts on the kidneys triggering them to reabsorb sodium and water from the urine back to the blood. Also it promotes kidney potassium excretion.
What is the function of the hormone aldosterone?
pH 7.60 PaCO2 37 mm HG HCO3 35 mEq/L
What is Metabolic Alkalosis?
The nurse is planning care for a pt with fluid volume overload and hyponatremia. Which of the following should be included in this patient's plan of care?
a.) Administer IV fluids
b.) restrict fluids
c.) administer Kayexalate enema
d.) administer Tums
What is restrict fluids?
Rationale is assist sodium increase and prevent sodium from dropping further
A 70 y/o client admitted with CHF, SOB, 3+ pitting edema in lower extremities. She is on furosemide & digoxin. She stopped her diuretic because she didn't think it was helping her CHF. Dr. orders furosemide 20mg IVP , next a.m. her K+ is 2.5 mEq/L. What problem does the nurse anticipate in this client? a.) dig toxicity b.)increased HR & BP c.)increased signs of CHF d.) S & S of hypernatremia
A.) Dig toxicity - Hypokalemia increases sensitivity of cardiac muscle to digoxin and may cause toxicity; HR & BP more likely decrease
1.8 - 2.6 mEq/L
What is the normal range of Mg level?
This hormone is released from the posterior pituitary gland and it regulates fluid balance.
What is where the Antidiuretic hormone is released and what it regulates?
pH 7.27 PaCO2 53 mmHg HCO3 24 mEq/L
What is Respiratory Acidosis?
A nurse is caring for a client that has been admitted with an opioid OD. Upon assessment of the client, the nurse notes the client has severely depressed respirations. The nurse would expect which acid-base disturbance?
a. metabolic acidosis
b. respiratory alkalosis
c. metabolic alkalosis
d. respiratory acidosis
What is d. respiratory acidosis occurs from inadequate excretion of CO2 with inadequate ventilation, resulting in elevated plasma CO2 concentration.
1. Osmosis is the movement of ______ only.
2. One liter of water is = to how many ____pounds?
3. One liter of water is = to how many ____kg?
1. What is water only?
2. What is 2.2 pounds?
3. 1 kg
Therefore 2.2 pounds = 1 kg.