Different classification of disease spread
When an increase in the number of cases of disease occurs above what is normally expected for a given time and place
What is epidemic?
The direct and immediate transfer of an agent from a host or reservoir to a susceptible host
What is direct transmission?
A process linked by an infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, portal of entry, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host
What is chain of infection?
Effort to prevent a disease or disorder before it happens
What is primary prevention?
The study of distribution and determinants of health related states or events in human populations and the application of study to the prevention and control of health problems
What is epidemiology?
An epidemic affecting or attacking the population of an extensive region, country, or continent
What is a pandemic?
Disease that results when an agent is transferred or carried by some intermediate item, organism, means, or process to a susceptible host
What is indirect transmission?
The habitat in or on which an infectious agent lives, grows, and multiplies and where it depends for its survival in nature
What is a reservoir?
Activities aimed at health screening and early detection in order to improve the likelihood of cure and reduce the chances of disability or death
What is secondary prevention?
Study that involves answering why and how when addressing hypothetical relations ships and statistical tests
What is analytic epidemiology?
The ongoing, usual, or constant presence of a disease in a community or among a group of people
What is an Endemic?
Transfer of a disease to a human by a vector
What is vector-borne transmission
Disease transmission that occurs when the pathogen leaves the reservoir through a portal
What is the portal of exit?
Efforts to limit disability by providing rehabilitation where disease, injury, or a disorder has already occurred and caused damage
What is tertiary prevention?
Focuses on patients and the application of epidemiological methods to assess the efficacy of screening, diagnosis, and treatment in the clinical setting
What is clinical epidemiology?
Epidemics that arise from a specific source
What is a common-source epidemic?
Vector-borne transmission processes that occur when the pathogen uses a host as a mechanism for a ride, nourishment, or as part of a physical transfer process
What is mechanical transmission
The entryway through which the pathogen or disease-causing agent enters the body
What is the portal of entry?
Requires behavior change on the part of the individual
What is active prevention?
Provides a description of the who, what, when, and where aspects of health related states or events in a population
What is descriptive epidemiology?
When victims of a common-source epidemic have person-to-person contact with others and spread the disease
What is a mixed epidemic?
Transfer of a pathogen to a susceptible host by a vector, with the pathogen undergoing reproduction, developmental changes, or both while in the vector
What is biological transmission?
Different ways in which disease is transferred such as direct or indirect transmission
What is mode of transmission?
Does not require behavior change on the part of an individual
What is passive prevention?
Application of epidemiology under a set of general conditions
What is Field epidemiology?