Preventions
Effort to prevent a disease or disorder before it happens
What is Primary Prevention?
A standard set of criteria applied in a specific situation to ensure that cases are consistently diagnosed, regardless of where or when they were identified and who diagnosed the case
What is a Case Definition?
The direct and immediate transfer of an agent from a host/reservoir to a susceptible host
What is a Direct Transmission?
An individual who has been exposed to and harbors a disease-causing organism (pathogen) and who has done so for sometime, even though he or she may have recovered from the disease
What is an Active Carrier?
A process length by an infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host
What is a Chain of Infection?
Behavior change on the part of the individual that prevents a disease or disorder before it happens
What is Active Primary Prevention?
The first disease case brought to the attention of the epidemiologist
What is an Index Case?
Disease that results when an agent is transferred or carried by some intermediate item, organism, means, or process to a susceptible host
What is an Indirect Transmission?
An individual who has been exposed to and harbors a pathogen but has not become ill or shown any of the symptoms of the disease
What is a Healthy Carrier?
Disease transmission that occurs when the pathogen leaves the reservoir through a portal
What is a Portal of Exit?
Does not require behavior change on the part of the individual to prevent a disease or disorder from occurring
What is Passive Primary Prevention?
The first disease case in the population
What is a Primary Case?
Transfer of bacteria or viruses on dust particles or an on small respiratory droplets that may become aerosolized when individual sneeze, cough, laugh, or exhale
What is an Airborne Transmission?
Individual who harbors a pathogen and who, although in the recovery phase of the course of the disease, is still infectious
What is a Convalescent Carrier?
The entryway through which the pathogen or disease-causing agent enters the body
What is a Portal of Entry?
Activities aimed at health screening and early detection to improve the likelihood of cure and reduce the chance of disability or death
What is Secondary Prevention?
A person who becomes infected from contact with the primary case after the disease has been introduced into the population
What is a Secondary Case?
Vector-borne disease transmission processes that occur when the pathogen, so as to spread, use a host (e.g., A fly, flea, louse, rat) As a mechanism for a ride, for nourishment, or as part of a physical transfer process
What is a Mechanical Transmission?
An individual who has been exposed to and harbors a pathogen; who is in the beginning stages of the disease; who is showing symptoms; and who can transmit the disease
What is an Incubatory Carrier?
Study that involves answering the questions “why?” and “how?” these questions are addressed using a hypothesis about relationships and statistical tests or assessing the hypothesis. A comparison group is involved
What is an Analytic Epidemiology?
Efforts to limit disability by providing rehabilitation where disease, injury, or a disorder has already occurred and cause damage
What is Tertiary Prevention?
An individual or a group of individuals who has all the signs and symptoms of a disease or condition but has not been diagnosed as having the disease or had the cause of the symptoms connected to a suspected pathogen
What is a Suspect Case?
Transfer of a pathogen to a susceptible host by vector, with the pathogen undergoing reproduction, developmental changes, or both while in the vector
What is a Biological Transmission?
Individual who has been exposed to and harbors a pathogen and who can spread the disease at different places or intervals
What is an Intermittent Carrier?
Describes the who (person), what (clinical characteristics), when (time), and where (place) aspects of health-related states or events in a population
What is a Descriptive Epidemiology?