U.S. Health Care System and Economics
The point where supply and demand intersect
What is the equilibrium price
What are the 5 “rights” of a medication order?
Post-marketing studies once a drug is FDA approved
What is Phase IV clinical trials
Exams required for pharmacist licensure
What are the NAPLEX and MPJE
2010 law expanded patient access to insurance and prohibited denial for pre-existing conditions
What is The Affordable Care Act (ACA)
What is unknown or not provided
Tool used to analyze the cause of an error after it occurs
What is an RCA or root cause analysis
Law that required accurate labeling of drugs
What is the Pure Food and Drug Act
A pharmacy technician is not legally allowed to do this
What is counsel a patient
AND/OR
What is transfer a prescription to another pharmacy
Following or “complying” with a health professional’s recommendations
What is compliance
Increases demand for drugs in the US and New Zealand
What is direct to consumer advertising
Which tool is used before an error occurs to identify potential risks?
What is a Failure Mode Effects Analysis (FMEA)
Required manufacturer report discontinuation or interruption in supply to the FDA and submit a risk management plan annually
What is the Cares Act
Health professional that practices medicine in collaboration with or under the supervision of a physician
What is a physician associate
or What is a physician assistant
Providing care that respects diverse values, beliefs, and behaviors of persons
What is cultural competence
What is cultural awareness or humility
Organization that accredits hospitals in the U.S. to ensure quality and safety standards are met
Who is The Joint Commission
An unwanted, harmful reaction to a drug at normal doses
What is an Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR)?
Drug manufacturers are typically not allowed to market this
What is an off-label use of a drug
Multiple health professionals from different disciplines working together to provide coordinated, person-centered care
What is interprofessional collaboration
OR
What is interdisciplinary care
The ability to obtain, process, and understand health information to make decisions
What is health literacy
Uses QALYs (Quality-Adjusted Life Years) as an outcome
What is CUA
What is cost-utility analysis
Technology that helps prevent incorrect drug administration at the bedside?
What is Barcode Medication Administration (BCMA)
Typically lasts 20 years from filing of a new chemical entity (drug idea)
What is a patent
The process by which students and practitioners internalize the values, ethics, and behaviors of their profession to “think, act, and feel” like a professional
What is professional identity
Includes 5 stages of readiness to change their health behavior (such as precontemplation, contemplation, preparation)
What is the transtheoretical model