SPED Basics
She is credited with providing the earliest account of education for young children with exceptional learning needs in the early 1900s
Who is Maria Montessori?
Landmark legislation, originally passed in 1975 as PL 94-142 , that established rights for all children with exceptionalities
What is the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)?
The three Rs to contextualizing culture
What are relationships, respect, and responsibility?
Assessments that compare a child's results with results of peers of the same age or grade level
What are norm-referenced assessments?
Assessment of a skill in real life situations
What is authentic assessment?
The result of Lyndon Johnson's efforts to fund early childhood compensatory programs as a way to promote the intellectual growth and development of at-risk children
What is Head Start?
The subparts of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act defining services for children with disabilities, age three to 21, and children birth to age three
What are Parts B & C?
An approach to assessment and intervention that recognizes the centrality of the family in supporting the needs of young children, including consideration of family concerns, priorities, and resources
What is the family-centered approach?
Tests that use the same materials, testing procedures, scoring procedures, and interpretation of test results
What are standardized tests?
Ongoing, comprehensive records of a child’s skills supported by artifacts that show the child’s ability and progress in any given developmental domain
What is portfolio assessment?
The landmark Supreme Court decision which caused America to begin focusing on the inequalities of racial segregation, poverty, and the disenfranchisement of its citizens
What is Brown v. Board of Education (1954)?
The legal requirement that all children, regardless of disability status, receive appropriate services, at no cost to the parents, through the public school system
What is a free, appropriate, public education (FAPE)?
Three constructs of collaborative assessment, designed to maximize positive child outcomes, that include both professionals and family members
What are multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary, and transdisciplinary approaches to assessment?
Two main indicators of how technically sound assessment tools are
What are test validity and reliability?
Assessment of skill acquisition through observation of the child’s ability to successfully complete a given task
What is performance-based assessment?
A written education plan for children with disabilities, aged birth to three, designed by a multidisciplinary team of professionals and parents to determine both educational and family support services; it is reviewed and updated quarterly to determine a child’s developmental outcomes, the concerns, priorities, and resources of the family, and services that will be required
What is an Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP)?
An educational setting that provides optimal learning opportunities for students with disabilities while having maximum exposure to their non-disabled peers
What is the Least Restrictive Environment?
The preferred collaboration model in early childhood assessment
What is the transdisciplinary approach?
Assessments used to determine a student's performance relative to the curriculum
What is curriculum-based assessment?
Assessment using information provided by a variety of individuals who know the child best including parents, teachers, daycare providers, nurses and other team members
What is judgement-based assessment?
A written education plan for children with disabilities, aged three to 21, designed by a multidisciplinary team of professionals and parents to determine educational services based on assessment and evaluation of a student’s individual strengths and needs; it is reviewed and updated yearly to describe a child’s present performance, current learning needs, and services that will be required
What is an Individualized Education Program (IEP)?
Settings of service delivery mandated in Part C of IDEA which include locations where young children ordinarily participate regardless of disability status (i.e., home, daycare, community settings)
What are natural environments?
Three major factors that characterize collaborative relationships between assessment team members and between families and professionals
What are mutual trust, respect, and effective communication?
Possible results of invalid assessments given to children
What are invalid labels and inappropriate services?
Assessment model in which professionals share roles and cross disciplines during the assessment, planning and intervention process.
What is transdisciplinary assessment?