Parotid & Temporal Regions
Infratemporal Fossa
Diencephalon
Blood Supply to Brain
Cerebellum
Telencephalon
Pterygopalatine Fossa
Orbit
Damnit, Sorrells
Diencephalon is huge sry
100

From superficial to deep, what are the three structures contained in the parotid gland?

Facial nerve

Retromandibular vein

External carotid artery

100

What muscle is a quadrangular shaped, two headed muscle arising from the medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate and the tuberosity of the maxilla, inserting on the medial surface of the angle and ramus of the mandible? 

Medial pterygoid muscle 


100

What is the somatic gateway to and from the cortex? What is the visceral gateway to and from the cortex?

Somatic: Thalamus

Visceral: Hypothalamus

100

What branch of the cerebral part of the internal carotid artery is an anastomois with the vertebrobasilar system?

Posterior communicating artery 

100

Which cerebellar nuclei is positioned most medially and is functionally associated with the vermis?

Fastigial nucleus


100

What is the efferent part of the cerebral cortex? What is the afferent part?

Efferent: layer V

Afferent: layer IV 

100

The pterygoid venous plexus is connected to the cavernous sinus via what?

Emissary veins

100

Aqueous humor is secreted by epithelial cells of the ciliary body. What chamber does it flow to first? Next?

Posterior, then through the iris to anterior. (Then it drains to the scleral venous sinus via canal of Schlemm)

100

What is 17?

17: Putamen of the basal nuclei

100

What are the caudolateral area and the rostromedial area of the hypothalamus associated with?

Caudolateral: sympathetic 

Rostromedial: parasympathetic 

200

What is the medial border of the parotid bed?

Styloid process and the three muscles that attach to it


200

What are the three powerful elevators of the mandible?

Temporalis, medial pterygoid, masseter 


200

The thalamus is partitioned in anterior, medial, lateral, and intralaminar cell groups by what structure?

The internal medullary lamina

200

What artery supplies the caudolateral cerebellum and the inner ear?

Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)

200

What are the three types of neurons in the granule layer of the cerebellar cortex?

Granular cell forming parallel fibers - excitatory

Golgi cells - inhibitory interneurons

Unipolar brush cells: excitatory 

200

What fissure separates the left and right hemisphere?

Longitudinal fissure

200

Where is the pterygopalatine gangion located in relation to the maxillary nerve?

It is just inferior to it in the pterygopalatine fossa 

200

What is the small elevation in the lacrimal lake called?

Lacrimal caruncle

200

What is 15?

15:Medial thalamic nuclei

200

What does the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus control?

Circadian rhythms 

300

The lateral ligament of the TMJ prevents what type of dislocation?

Posterior

300

What branch of the mandibular nerve (V3) leaves the trunk, and then re-enters the cranial cavity via foramen spinosum in company with the middle meningeal artery?

Meningeal branch 


300

Which nuclei in the thalamus modulate other nuclei but do not project to the cortex themselves?

Reticular nuclei 

300

What supplies the rostral (superior) cerebellum?

Superior cerebellar artery

300

What are the types of neurons found within the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex?

Basket cells - inhibitory 

Stellate cells - inhibitory 

300

What structure would you find deep to the Sylvian fissure/lateral sulcus?

Insular lobe

300

Where are the postganglionic, parasympathetic neuron cell bodies located for the lacrimal gland?

In the pterygopalatine ganglion 

300

What cells modify the signals from photoreceptors onto bipolar cells?

Horizontal cells

300

What is 13?

13: Lateral Thalamic Nuclei

300

The largest single input to the hypothalmus is form what?

The fornix

400

The TMJ is innervated by what nerve?

V3 - auriculotemporal and masseteric branches

400

What carries the taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue? What carries the sensation?

Taste for anterior 2/3 of tongue is via chorda tympani, a branch of VII. It joins the lingual nerve, which carries sensation from anterior 2/3 of tongue.

400

What does the lateral geniculate nucleus project to? What does the medial geniculate nucleus project to?

Lateral geniculate nucleus projects to the visual cortex. Medial geniculate nucleus projects to the auditory nucleus. 

400

What supplies the ventral/midline medulla?

Anterior spinal artery

400

What are the two main types of afferent fibers in the cerebellum?

Mossy fibers - excitatory - synapse with golgi cells and granular cells in the cerebellar glomerulus

Climbing fibers - excitatory - course from the olive to the cerebellar cortex, ascend Purkinje dendrites and synapse. The inferior olivary nuclei receive input from the cerebral cortex and sends it to all parts of the cerebellum 

400

What gyrus, rostral to the parahippocampal gyrus, is very sensitive to hemorrhage in the brain?

Uncal gyrus - this is called uncal herniation 

400

Which of the following is NOT a branch off of the third part of the maxillary artery?

Pharyngeal branch, artery of the pterygoid canal, descending palatine, supraorbital, infraorbital, sphenopalatine 

Supraorbital - it is a branch off of the superficial temporal artery 


400

The fovea is comprised of what type of photoreceptor?

Cones

400

What is 10?

Hippocampus

400

Pituitary tumors that press on the optic chiasm do what?

Cause tunnel vision 

500

The maxillary artery and inferior alveolar nerves can be found between the maxilla and what ligament?

The sphenomandibular ligament, which will limit inferior movement

500

What ganglion can be found immediately inferior to the foramen ovale?

Otic ganglion - it will contain the cell bodies for postganglionic parasympathetics to the parotid gland via the auriculotemporal nerve 

500

What part of the thalamus collects information form the contralateral body and projects it to the primary sensory cortex?

The VPL (Ventral posterolateral) nucleus

500

What supplies the lateral medulla?

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)

500

Damage to the vestibulocerebellum would produce what symptoms?

Difficulty with posture, balance, and gait on SAME SIDE as lesion

500
Name what type of tract connects: 


Left and right hemispheres

Parts of cerebral cortex within a hemisphere

left and right hemispheres: Commissural tracts

Parts of cerebral cortex within a hemisphere: Association tracts

500

What is the roof of the pterygopalatine fossa?

Greater wing of the sphenoid bone


500

Label: Red, orange, and yellow

Red: Optic nerve (to chiasm)

Orange: Optic tract (chiasm to LGN)

Yellow: Optic radiations (LGN to primary visual cortex)

500

What is 7?

7: Fornix

500

Damage to the subthalamus causes what?

Hemiballismus (uncontrollable flailing of the upper limb)

600

The sympathetic input to the parotid gland come from preganglionic bodies located in the _________, which synapse and give rise to postganglionic bodies in the ___________ _______ ________, which follow the __________ to get to the parotid gland.

T1-T2 lateral horns

superior cervical ganglion

external carotid plexus/external carotid artery 

600

What meshwork of veins surrounds the lateral pterygoid muscle?

Pterygoid plexus

600

The genu of the internal capsule contains what tract? What cranial nerves?

Corticonuclear tract, CN VII and XII
600

What is the most common site of berry aneurysm?

Anterior cerebral artery/anterior communicating artery 

600

What cells contain the only efferent fibers from the cerebellar cortex? What is their effect?

Purkinje, they are inhibitory 

600

Thalamic axons from the VPL/VPM project onto the primary somatosensory cortex in the postcentral gyrus. Where are the feet represented? What about the face?

The feet are dorsomedial, the face is ventrolateral 

600

After the greater petrosal nerve leaves the middle cranial fossa, and the deep petrosal nerve (post ganglionic sympathetic) joins it, what does it become?

The nerve to the pterygoid canal 

It then goes to the pterygopalatine ganglion 

600

X/P type ganglion cells are concentrated where? What about Y/M?

X/P: Macula and fovea/central parts of retina

Y/M: Peripheral parts of retina

600

What is 1?

1: Anterior Thalamic Nuclei

600

What three reflexes are controlled by the hypothalmus?

Baroreceptor, temperature regulation, water balance