Nutrition
Explain how income can make it difficult for Australians to make healthy food choices:
Low income can make unhealthy meal deals from fast food chains more accessible.
Define Medicare
Medicare is Australia’s universal health insurance scheme. It guarantees all Australians (and some overseas visitors) access to a wide range of health and hospital services at low or no cost.
Identify one action area of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion.
Build healthy public policy
Create supportive environments
Strengthen community action
Develop personal skills
Reorient health services
Name one disease that SDG 3 aims to combat globally.
HIV/AIDS
Malaria
Tuberculosis
Neglected tropical diseases
What is WHO’s overall goal?
To promote, provide and protect health and wellbeing for all people, everywhere.
List 2 strengths of the Australian Guide to healthy eating.
Visually simple and easy to understand
Based on scientific evidence
Encourages variety and balance
Highlights discretionary foods
Applicable to diverse populations
Free and widely available
Explain how the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) promotes access to healthcare.
The PBS subsidises the cost of essential prescription medicines, making them more affordable and ensuring more Australians can access necessary treatment.
Explain how the Ottawa Charter action area Create supportive environments can promote physical health and wellbeing.
Creating supportive environments, such as smoke-free public spaces, reduces exposure to second-hand smoke, improving lung health and respiratory function.
State two reasons why the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are important for global health and human development.
End extreme poverty and hunger
Address disease and promote health
Empower girls and women
Tackle climate change
Fight inequalities
Build peaceful and inclusive societies
Protect human rights
Describe bilateral aid.
It is aid given directly from one country government to another countries government
Outline three key recommendations from the Australian Dietary Guidelines.
-Enjoy a wide variety of nutritious foods from the five food groups every day.
-Limit intake of foods high in saturated fat, added salt, and added sugars.
-Encourage, support, and promote breastfeeding.
Describe one way the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) promotes equity and one way it promotes sustainability.
Equity: Provides individualised support packages so people with significant disabilities receive care based on their needs.
Sustainability: Each participant receives an individual plan that reduces unnecessary funds being spent.
Describe how the Ottawa Charter action areas Develop personal skills and Strengthen community action can work together to improve health outcomes.
Community-led programs that teach healthy cooking skills (developing personal skills) and are run by local organisations (strengthening community action) empower individuals to make healthier food choices and encourage collective efforts to reduce rates of obesity.
Outline two ways in which SDG 1 and 6 is linked to SDG 3 in promoting health and human development globally.
SDG 1 (No Poverty): Reducing poverty improves access to healthcare, nutritious food, and safe living conditions.
SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation): Access to safe water and sanitation reduces disease and supports healthy lives.
Outline two ways in which Australia’s aid program supports the achievement of the SDGs.
Funding health programs in developing countries to reduce maternal and child mortality (SDG 3).
Supporting education initiatives to improve literacy and knowledge (SDG 4).
Explain two ways the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Guide to Healthy Eating supports culturally appropriate nutrition education.
It includes examples of traditional bush foods to reflect cultural eating practices.
It uses culturally relevant images and language to make nutrition messages more meaningful to Indigenous communities.
Explain two ways private health insurance contributes to the sustainability of Australia’s health system.
It reduces pressure on the public system by encouraging people to use private hospitals and services.
The government’s private health insurance rebate encourages more Australians to take out cover, helping balance demand across both public and private sectors.
Using an example, explain how Build healthy public policy and Reorient health services can work together to address a health issue such as smoking.
The government can implement tobacco taxation (build healthy public policy), making cigarettes less affordable. At the same time, health services can be reoriented to include smoking cessation support in GP clinics and pharmacies. Together, these actions reduce smoking rates and improve population health outcomes
Explain how SDG 5 (Gender Equality) is linked to SDG 3 and how this relationship promotes global health.
Reducing gender inequality ensures women have access to healthcare, including maternal and reproductive services, which reduces maternal and infant mortality.
Empowering women to make health and lifestyle decisions improves family nutrition and wellbeing, assisting to maintain healthy body weight, promoting physical H/W
Explain two features of effective aid programs.
Sustainability: Programs are designed to continue long-term, even after initial funding ends.
Targeted to needs: Aid addresses the specific health, economic, or social needs of the community receiving it.
Explain how the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating can help reduce the impact of diet-related diseases in Australia.
The AGHE promotes consuming a variety of foods from the five food groups, ensuring individuals receive essential nutrients needed for overall health.
It encourages people to limit discretionary foods high in saturated fat, salt, and sugar, which helps lower the risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
By showing appropriate proportions of each food group, it helps individuals manage portion sizes and energy intake.
The visual format makes healthy eating messages easy to understand, increasing the likelihood of behaviour change across the population.
When followed, the AGHE supports long-term health and wellbeing, reducing the prevalence and burden of chronic, diet-related conditions in Australia.
Analyse how Medicare, private health insurance, the PBS and the NDIS work together to promote health and wellbeing in Australia.
Medicare provides access to free or subsidised medical treatment, promoting physical health through timely diagnosis and care.
Private health insurance gives people choice of doctor and hospital, reducing waiting times and improving access to elective surgery.
The PBS ensures essential medications are affordable, supporting physical and mental health.
The NDIS provides funding for services and support for people with disabilities, promoting independence and social participation.
Analysis:Together, these systems enhance access, equity, and sustainability in Australia’s health system, ensuring all individuals can achieve improved health outcomes regardless of income or ability.
Explain how each action area of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion could be applied to reduce the rates of obesity in Australia.
Build healthy public policy: Governments can implement policies such as a sugar tax or mandatory menu labelling to discourage the purchase of high-calorie foods.
Create supportive environments: Workplaces and schools can provide access to healthy food options and facilities for physical activity, supporting healthier lifestyle choices.
Strengthen community action: Local councils, community groups, and health organisations can collaborate to run fitness challenges or community cooking classes that encourage healthy eating and exercise.
Develop personal skills: Education programs can teach individuals how to read nutrition labels, prepare healthy meals, and understand the importance of regular exercise.
Reorient health services: Health professionals can shift their focus from treating obesity-related illnesses to prevention through nutrition counselling and lifestyle advice.
Briefly explain five key features of SDG 3 (‘Ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing for all at all ages’).
Reduce maternal mortality: Ensures safe pregnancy and childbirth for women worldwide.
End preventable child deaths: Focuses on lowering infant and under-five mortality rates.
Combat communicable diseases: Targets HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, and other infectious diseases.
Reduce non-communicable diseases: Encourages prevention and management of diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease.
Universal access to healthcare: Promotes access to essential health services, vaccines, and medicines for all people.
Analyse how individuals can engage with communities and/or national and international organisations to promote health and human development.
Volunteering for local or international health programs, e.g., fundraising for vaccination campaigns.
Participating in awareness campaigns to educate communities about nutrition, disease prevention, or sanitation.
Advocating for policy change, such as petitioning for improved access to clean water or healthcare services.
Collaborating with NGOs to implement community projects that improve living standards and reduce poverty.
Supporting sustainable practices, such as clean water initiatives or environmental programs, to indirectly improve health outcomes.
Analysis:
By engaging at both local and global levels, individuals contribute to improved health, wellbeing, and human development, reinforcing broader aid and SDG initiatives.