ACID-BASE BALANCE
Caused by increase in metabolic acid or decrease in bicarbonate (base). Causes: DKA, burns, kidney disease/failure, ingestion of acid, diarrhea.
What is METABOLIC ACIDOSIS?
Connect bones and stabilized joints.
What are LIGAMENTS?
Bending a limb at a joint.
What is FLEXION?
With the forward bend test starting at age 10 to 12, a positive representation of this present ribs hump up on one side as child bends forward, and with unequal landmark elevation.
What is SCOLIOSIS?
The Brain and Spinal Cord goes with this and Peripheral nerves goes with this.
Direct increase of bicarb or a decrease in metabolic acid. Causes include vomiting, excessive administration of sodium bicarbonate, hypokalemia.
What is METABOLIC ALKALOSIS?
Freely moveable/bones are separated but enclosed in joint cavity filled with fluid (knees, hips, shoulders, elbow)
What are SYNOVIAL JOINTS?
Moving a body part foward and parallel to the ground.
What is PROTRACTION?
Aging is common cause.
Shortened trunk & comparatively long extremities: Long bones do not shorten with age
Backward head tilt & slight flexion of hips & knees presents this spinal deformity.
What is KYPHOSIS?
What is the CEREBELLAR SYSTEM?
This increases when blood is too alkaline and decreases when blood is too acidic.
What is HCO3/BASE BICARBONATE?
Pain out of proportion to event.
Pain radiating down the leg with tingling and/or numbness.
Loss of function.
Unremitting pain especially not improved with RX.
Moving the sole of the foot outward at the ankle.
What is EVERSION?
Pregnancy is common cause.
Center of balance shifted forward.
Strain on low back muscles = pain.
What is LORDOSIS?
This is located completely in the CNS and influences or modify lower motor neurons via cerebral cortex.
AND
Located in the PNS and known as the "Final Common Pathway" of information to the muscles/any movement must be funneled by this.
What are UPPER MOTOR VS. LOWER MOTOR NEURONS?
Caused by hypoventilation/CO2 levels rise leading to excess carbonic acid in the blood. Causes: COPD, pneumonia, atelectasis, respiratory muscle weakness, drug overdose, head injury.
What is RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS?
Pulses
Poikilothermia
Parasthesia
Paralysis
Pallor
Pain
What are 5 Ps of a MUSCULOSKELETAL COMPLAIN AND THE 5TH VITAL SIGN?
What is A POSITIVE TINEL'S SIGN?
These hard and nontender nodules occur with osteoarthritis.
What are HEBERDEN'S AND BOUCHARD'S NODES?
The most widely accepted method for the evaluation and classification of coma, especially for head-injured patients.
What is THE GLASGOW COMA SCALE (GCS)?
Caused by hyperventilation/CO2 gets too low leading to deficit of carbonic acid in the blood. Causes: anxiety, meningitis, sepsis, acute pain, psychological distress.
What is RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS?
The nurse assess strength of hand grasps, comparing sides. As well as assess strength of lower extremities, comparing sides.
AND
This should be equal bilaterally and should fully resist your opposing force.
What is GENERAL STRENGTH TESTING AND MUSCLE STRENGTH?
Crunching or grating with movement (not the same as cracking)
Degenerative disease.
What is CREPITUS?
An abnormal finding from RA the hands presented as Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint & distal interphalangeal (DIP) flexion with proximal interphalangeal (PIP) hyperextension.
What is SWAN NECK DEFORMITY?
These reflexes are primarily used to determine whether a patient's brainstem is intact. Dolls eyes and caloric tests are used as well.
What is OCULOCEPHALIC AND OCULOVESTIBULAR REFLEXES?