Terms
What is a specific difference that is closely linked to social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantage?
Health disparity: a specific difference that is closely linked to social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantage
Illness is a medical term meaning that there is a pathologic change in the structure or function of the body or mind.
True or False?
False. Disease is a pathologic change in the structure or function of the body.
Name 3 of the five Models of Health and Illness listed in Chapter 3 of the Fundamentals of Nursing Textbook (Taylor, 2019).
Models of health and Illness: 1) The Health Belief Model 2) The Health Promotion Model 3) The Health-Illness Continuum Model 4) The Agent-Host-Environment Model, and 5) The Stages of Change Model
List three human dimensions that affect health.
The Human Dimensions Composing the Whole Person include:
Intellectual, Environmental, Spiritual
Sociocultural, Emotional, and Physical
The focus on screening for early detection of disease with prompt diagnosis and treatment is what level of health promotion?
Secondary Level of Health Promotion
This is the definition of the number of deaths:
A. Morbidity
B. Disease
C. Mortality
Mortality: number of deaths
The agent-host-environment model of health views health as a constantly changing state, with high-level wellness and death being on opposite ends of a scale.
True or False?
False. The Agent-Host-Environment Model (Leavell and Clark): 1. Views the interaction between an external agent,susceptible host, and the environment as causes of disease in a person and 2. it is a traditional model that explains how certain factors place some people at risk for an infectious disease.
Which model of health and illness views health as a constantly changing state, with high-level wellness and death being on opposite ends of a graduated scale?
Answer: The Health-Illness Continuum Model
Rationale: This health model measures a person's level of health on a graduated scale.
These are examples of what?
(1) Basic human needs (2) The human dimensions (3) Self-concept (4) Risk factors for illness or injury
Factors affecting Health and Illness
Immunization clinics, family planning services, poison-control information, and accident-prevention education are examples of what level of Health Promotion?
Primary Level of Health Promotion: directed toward promoting health and preventing the development of disease processes or injury
What is the period in chronic illness when the symptoms of the disease reappear?
Exacerbation: period in chronic illness when the symptoms of the disease reappear
Illness defined as _______ are the leading health problem in the world today.
Which model of health illustrates how people react to their environment as they pursue health?
The Health Promotion Model illustrates how people react to their environment as they pursue health. This model is concerned with what people believe to be true about their health.
Genetic inheritance, age, developmental level, race, and gender are examples of what Human Dimension?
Physical Dimension
A person who is experiencing a productive cough and fever takes a sick day to recuperate and decide whether to make an appointment with the doctor. This person is said to be in stage 3 illness behavior: assuming a dependent role. True or False?
False. Rationale: A person who defines oneself as sick and self-medicates or visits a doctor is said to be in stage 2 of illness behavior: assuming the sick role.
What is the term for the pathologic change in the structure or function of the body or mind?
Disease: pathologic change in the structure or function of the body or mind
A family history of cancer is considered a ________ risk factor for illness.
non-modifiable risk factor
Which model of health involves three factors that are constantly interacting? A combination of these three factors may increase the risk of illness.
The Agent-Host-Environment or the Agent-Host-Environment Triangle
How the mind affects body function and responds to body conditions is what type of human dimension?
Emotional Dimension
What are two Stages of Illness Behavior?
Stage 1: Experiencing symptoms Stage 2: Assuming the sick role Stage 3: Assuming a dependent role Stage 4: Achieving recovery and rehabilitation
What is the behavior of an individual motivated by a personal desire to increase well-being and health potential?
Health promotion: behavior of an individual motivated by a personal desire to increase well-being and health potential
A person's economic level, lifestyle, family, and culture are components of the ________ human dimension.
sociocultural human dimension
The Stages of Change Model is used to address "a broad range of behaviors including injury prevention, overcoming drug and alcohol addictions, and weight loss" (Taylor, 2019, p. 61).
List 2 of the 5 Stages of Change in this model.
Stages of Change Model: Precontemplation, Contemplation, Determination (commitment to action), Action (implementing the plan), and Maintenance (relapse and recycling)
List four types of factors that influence health disparities.
Factors influencing health disparities:
Racial and ethnic groups-Poverty-Gender-age-Mental health-Educational level-Disabilities-Sexual Orientation-Health insurance and access to health care
What are the primary objectives of the nurse as a caregiver?
Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, facilitation of healing, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, groups, communities and populations.