Self-Care Management and Health Promotion

Health Belief Model

100

Belief that a certain action will help prevent or reduce the problem.

Perceived Benefits

200

Confidence in one’s ability to make a change.

Self-Efficacy

300

Things that make it hard to take action—like cost, time, or fear.

Perceived Barriers

400

Belief about how serious the condition and its effects are.

Perceived Severity

500

Belief about how likely a person is to get a disease or condition

Perceived Susceptibility

600

Reminders or triggers that prompt healthy behavior.

Cues to Action

Client Education

100

Physical Activity for Adults: Type and Amount

• Adults: Aim for 150 minutes of moderate or 75 minutes of vigorous aerobic exercise each week.
• Include strength training at least twice a week.
• Children and teens: Get at least 60 minutes of moderate activity most days.

200

BMI Adults

< 18.5 Underweight

18.5 – 24.9  Normal weight

25.0 – 29.9  Overweight

30.0 – 34.9 Obesity Class I

35.0 – 39.9 Obesity Class II

≥ 40.0 Obesity Class III (Severe obesity)

300

Basics of a Healthy Diet

1. Eat more fruits & vegetables – aim for half your plate.
2. Choose whole grains instead of refined grains. 1/4 plate
3. Limit unhealthy fats (fried foods, trans fats, excess saturated fat).
4. Choose lean/low-fat proteins (chicken, fish, beans, soy). 1/2 plate

Reduce salt (sodium) intake – taste before you shake.

400

Adult: Hours of Sleep

7-9 hours

500

Sun Exposure Protection

• Daily sunscreen (SPF 30+): Even on cloudy days.
• Reapply every 2 hours: After swimming or sweating.
• Protective clothing: Long sleeves, hats, UV sunglasses.
• Avoid peak hours (10 a.m.–4 p.m.): Strongest UV exposure.
• Monthly skin checks: Watch for new or changing moles.

600

Exercise Safety Instructions (2)

1. Stop exercising immediately if you experience severe pain, shortness of breath, blurred vision, confusion, or any unusual symptoms. 2. Consult your primary care provider before starting a new exercise routine if you have a chronic health condition or medical concern.

Health Screenings

100

Skin Assessment 

Every 3 years ages 20–40; Yearly after 40

200

Blood Glucose

Start at age 45; at least every 3 years

300

Blood Cholesterol

Start at age 20; at least every 5 years

400

Colorectal

Ages 45–75: Choose from the following

• Fecal occult blood test yearly OR
• Sigmoidoscopy every 5 years OR
• Colonoscopy every 10 years.

Discuss continuation after 76

500

Routine Physical Exam

Every 1–3 years for females; Every 5 years for males age 20–40; More often after age 40

600

Dental

At least once a year

Vaccinations

100

Universal Vaccines for 11-12-year-olds

Tdap and HPV

200

What is Herd Immunity

When a large portion of a population is vaccinated, the spread of disease slows or stops, protecting even those who cannot be vaccinated (such as newborns or immunocompromised individuals).

300

Universal Age 4-6 vaccines?

DTap, MMR, Varicella, IPV

400

Actions: Nurse Administers vaccine to pediatric patient

•Advocate for immunization •Take advantage of opportunities to vaccinate •Provide written and verbal information (VIS sheets) •Obtain vaccination consent—must have a guardian signature

500

Mild Illness Symptoms: The client may still receive vaccinations

Cold, ear infection, mild diarrhea, low fever (<100.4°F), acting well otherwise. → Safe to vaccinate. Delay vaccine if: The child has a moderate or severe illness, such as high fever (>101°F), vomiting, diarrhea, or is visibly unwell or lethargic.

600

Universal Vaccines at 2 and 4 months (same) and 6 months

2 and 4 months: DTaP, Hib, PCV, IPV

6 months: DTaP, PCV, IPV

Enter Category Name

100

Modifiable Risk Factors Examples

Tobacco use, diet high in unhealthy fats, sedentary lifestyle, and excessive alcohol consumption

200

Patient's values and goals guide decisions

Patient-centered care

300

Primary Prevention – “Prevent”

• Definition: Actions taken before disease occurs to prevent illness or injury.
• Goal: Promote health and protect against risk factors.
• Examples: Immunizations, health education, wearing seatbelts, exercise, and nutrition counseling.

400

Secondary Prevention – “Screen”

• Definition: Actions taken to detect disease early and begin prompt treatment to halt or slow its progress.
• Goal: Identify disease in its earliest stages before symptoms appear.

Examples: Screenings such as blood pressure checks, mammograms, Pap smears, and cholesterol tests.

500

Tertiary Prevention – “Manage”

• Definition: Actions taken after a disease has developed to reduce complications, restore function, and improve quality of life.
• Goal: Prevent further deterioration or disability.
• Examples: Physical therapy after a stroke, medication adherence for chronic illness, rehabilitation programs, and support groups.

600

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs (5 Levels)

Physiological – basic survival needs (food, water, oxygen, rest) Safety – feeling secure and stable (shelter, employment, protection from harm) Love and Belonging – relationships, friendship, affection, and connection Esteem – feeling respected, confident, and valued Self-Actualization – achieving one’s full potential, personal growth, and fulfillment

 

Self-Actualization – achieving one’s full potential, personal growth, and fulfillment