Health Research Methodologies - Part 2

Sampling

100

I’m in. I’m male, aged 65 years or over, living in the GTA.

Inclusion criteria

200

Reach me through the list.

Sampling frame

300

I have a 50/50 change of getting picked.

Probability sampling

400

Every nth individual will be let in.

Systemic random sampling

500

No rhyme, no reason. I picked you because you were there.

Convenience sampling

Selection Bias

100

I’m sometimes considered its synonym.

Sampling

200

We survived so conclusions are drawn from us.

Survivor bias

300

I was asked, but I didn’t want to participate.

Non-response

400

You dropped out? I stayed in and we’re so different.

Attrition bias

500

I wasn’t even asked to be in the sample.

Under-coverage bias

Information bias

100

I aim to please with my answers.

Social desirability bias

200

I just can’t remember what I did 3 months ago.

Recall bias

300

I’m swayed because I know which group they are in.

Interviewer or observer bias

400

I was assigned to this group, but that was wrong.

Misclassification bias

500

They’re watching me so I’ll behave this way.

Performance bias

Research paradigm

100

I’m the only truth.

Positivst

200

Let’s negotiate reality.

Pragmatism

300

There are many realities.

Constructivism or interpretivism

400

I challenge the status quo.

Critical

500

I ask what is reality?

Ontology

Mixed methods

100

Let's talk, then let's count.

Exploratory sequential

200

Data is collected at the same time.

-Convergent or concurrent parallel

300

I want to drive change.

Transformative concurrent design

400

Results are merged, compared, interrelated, or validated.

Triangulation or mixing

500

-Numbers first, then we explain!

Explanatory sequential