Nclex Questions 1
Which of the following best defines a health disparity?
A) A difference in health outcomes due to genetic variation.
B) Variations in health outcomes that are preventable and unjust.
C) Differences in medical resource availability between hospitals.
D) Socioeconomic gaps in health outcomes that are unavoidable.
B
Health disparities refer to preventable and unjust differences in health outcomes that arise from systemic issues like socioeconomic inequities and structural barriers. Options A and D misrepresent the concept by implying genetic or unavoidable causes. Option C focuses on resources rather than outcomes
Refugees living in camps often face chronic malnutrition. Which population-based nursing intervention is most appropriate?
A) Distributing multivitamins at the individual level.
B) Conducting routine health screenings for communicable diseases.
C) Providing mental health counseling for individuals with PTSD.
D) Advocating for policies ensuring food security and access to healthcare.
D
Rationale: While individual interventions are important, systemic changes like policies ensuring food security and healthcare access address the root causes of chronic malnutrition and health disparities in refugee camps.
what is vulnerability in terms of healthcare disparities?
the degree to which an individual, population or organization is unable to anticipate, cope with, resist and recover from the impact of disease and disasters
Which statement best illustrates health equity?
A) Everyone is given the same resources regardless of need.
B) Resources are distributed based on individual needs to achieve optimal health outcomes.
C) Healthcare is provided only to those who can afford it.
D) All populations have equal health outcomes without intervention.
B
Health equity focuses on fairness and addresses individual needs to ensure equal opportunity for optimal health, unlike health equality, which provides the same resources for everyone regardless of disparities.
What is a key implication of the social gradient of health?
A) Wealthier individuals have more genetic protection against diseases.
B) Health outcomes are progressively better with higher socioeconomic status.
C) Disparities in health outcomes only affect the poorest populations.
D) Public health efforts should focus solely on low-income groups.
B
Rationale: The social gradient of health indicates that health outcomes improve progressively as socioeconomic status increases, highlighting the relationship between income, access to resources, and health.
what causes vulnerability in a patient or population?
Social determinants of health including economic and environmental factors
Social capital
Health system determinants
Individual risk factors and population-level factors influence the vulnerability of at-risk groups
Which policy best addresses long-term health disparities among homeless populations?
A) Increasing the availability of temporary shelters.
B) Mandating emergency room services for homeless individuals.
C) Implementing a housing-first approach with supportive services.
D) Providing vouchers for healthcare in urban areas.
C
Rationale: The housing-first approach focuses on stable housing as a foundational step to addressing broader health and social issues, promoting long-term solutions over temporary fixes
A nurse advocates for policies to reduce food deserts in low-income communities. This is an example of addressing:
A) Individual health behaviors.
B) Social determinants of health.
C) Biological risk factors.
D) Cultural competency gaps.
B
Rationale: Food deserts are a social determinant of health that impact access to nutritious food. Addressing them improves health outcomes on a systemic level.
a composite measure of income, education, and occupation
According to the ANA Code of Ethics, how should nurses advocate for vulnerable populations at a systemic level?
A) Focus solely on patient-level care.
B) Engage in public policy development addressing social determinants of health.
C) Avoid addressing political issues that could cause controversy.
D) Refer patients to social workers for all advocacy efforts.
B
Rationale: Nurses are ethically obligated to engage in public policy development to address systemic issues contributing to health disparities, reflecting their role as advocates for social justice.
Which factor most exacerbates vulnerability in migrant workers?
A) Substandard housing conditions.
B) Access to free healthcare services.
C) High levels of physical activity.
D) Stable seasonal employment.
A
Rationale: Substandard housing increases exposure to environmental risks and health problems, exacerbating vulnerability among migrant workers.
Explain the difference between healthcare disparities vs health status disparities
Healthcare disparities: “Differences in access to or availability of facilities and services.”
Health status disparities: “The variation in rates of disease occurrence and disabilities between socioeconomic and/or geographically defined population groups.”
The World Health Organization (WHO) emphasizes health equity as a key concept. Which action best aligns with this goal?
A) Providing equal healthcare resources to all populations.
B) Addressing the social determinants of health at the global level.
C) Reducing health outcomes based solely on genetic research.
D) Ensuring healthcare facilities meet uniform global standards.
B
Rationale: Addressing the social determinants of health at the global level ensures that systemic inequities, such as poverty and access barriers, are tackled to achieve health equity.
Marginalization increases vulnerability by:
A) Reducing access to social and economic resources.
B) Increasing physical resilience to stressors.
C) Improving integration into healthcare systems.
D) Enhancing community-based support networks.
A
Rationale: Marginalization isolates individuals or groups from resources, increasing their health risks.
What does the ANA provision 3 state?
The nurse promotes, advocates for, and protects the rights, health, and safety of the patient.