Now hear me out (Outer ear)
The auditory __ can be found within the outer ear
canal
The auditory/eustachian __ can be found in the inner ear
tube
The stapes bone hits the ___
Oval window
If Todd is in a plane moving at a steady 500mph, what type of equilibrium would he be experiencing?
Static equilibrium
What is the name and number of the cranial nerve for hearing and equilibrium
Vestibulocochlear, VIII
What is the outer ear structure that directs sound waves to deeper parts of the ear?
Pinna or Auricle
What are the names of the three ossicles, in order?
Malleus, incus, stapes
What are the two factors that affect sound waves?
Amplitude and frequency
What structure detects angular acceleration?
Crista ampularis
Which part of the brainstem do auditory and equilibrium signals travel to?
Pons
What is one of the theorized purposes of cerumen?
It is an anti-insecticide; insects dislike the smell of cerumen
Who would you expect to find a flat eustachian tube in?
infants
___ can be found within the cochlear duct; meanwhile ___ is found within the scala vestibuli and scala tympani
Endolymph; perilymph
What structure would detect the vertical change if you were being dropped on the Guardians of the Galaxy ride at Disneyland?
Macula sacculi
What is the apex of the cochlea called?
Helicotrema
What is the name of the hole that goes into the auditory canal?
External auditory meatus
What are the two functions of the auditory tube?
To drain fluid from the middle ear and maintain air pressure for the tympanic membrane
How are the vibrations of the tectorial membrane turned into electrical signals?
Hairs on the stereocilia are embedded in the tectorial membrane, so any vibrations of the tectorial membrane move the hair cells, creating an electrical impulse.
What is the function of the otolithic membrane in the maculae?
Will move in response to horizontal or vertical changes, causing the hair cells to bend.
What would be the modality of hearing and equilibrium?
mechanoreceptive
The Tympanic membrane turns ___ into ___
Sound waves in the air; mechanical movement, or vibrations
What is the function of the stapedius and tensor tympani muscles?
Part of the tympanic reflex, and will contract to dampen sound
What is a way sound can be dampened within the inner ear?
Outer hair cells can contract to dampen vibration in the tectorial membrane
What is the purpose of having 3 semicircular canals?
To detect rotational movement in the three different planes, horizontal/transverse, sagittal, and frontal
Describe the complete pathway that sound travels from the auricle to the stereocilia (roughly ten parts must be named)
Auricle → auditory canal → tympanic membrane → malleus → incus → stapes → oval window → scala vestibuli → moves perilymph → movement of endolymph → tectorial membrane → hair cells on stereocilia