Anatomy
True or False. The tympanic membrane is medial to the external auditory meatus.
True.
Which frequencies are coded at the basal end of the basilar membrane?
High-frequencies
What is another name for externa otitis?
Swimmer's Ear
Define frequency.
Rate of vibration, or the number of cycles per second.
Define binaural hearing.
Hearing with two ears.
The stapes footplate vibrates into the _____________.
Oval Window
The _________________ potential is the summed response of the synchronous firing of the auditory nerve fibers.
What is the name of abnormal bony growths in the ear canal commonly seen in people who have done much cold water swimming?
Exostoses
Why do we use the decibel?
What is the name of the reflex seen when doing otoscopy?
Light reflex
Name the two muscles of the middle ear.
Stapedius & Tensor tympani muscles
The ___________________ of the traveling wave is the entire area of displacement surrounding the maximum area of displacement.
Envelope
Which type of otitis media is a bacterial infection & fluid in the middle ear space?
Suppurative otitis media
How do we calculate wavelength?
Wavelength = velocity/frequency
Why is the envelope of the traveling wave larger for low-frequency sounds?
Because the traveling wave must travel the entire length of the basilar membrane to get to the apex where low-frequencies are coded.
The microchannels in the hair cells allow which two ions to enter the cell causing it to depolarize?
Potassium & Calcium
What is the function of the stapedius muscle?
Involuntary contracting to loud, low frequency sounds in order to protect the ear from noise damage.
What are the four common symptoms necessary for a diagnosis of Meniere's Disease?
Tinnitus, Vertigo, Fluctuating hearing loss, & Aural fullness
What is the perceptual correlate of intensity?
Loudness
Describe the anatomical differences between the inner & outer hair cells.
Inner hair cells are rounder and more of a teardrop shape. There is only 1 row of inner hair cells.
Outer hair cells have motile properties, are more robust, and are longer and thinner. There are 3 rows of outer hair cells.
Name the four nerve bundles that travel through the internal auditory meatus.
Describe place theory.
The location of the nerve that is being activated codes for frequency along the auditory nerve.
Explain why otosclerosis causes a conductive hearing loss.
Because there is abnormal bony growth that fuses the ossicles, mostly the stapes footplate, and prevents it from vibrating & transmitting sound efficiently.
What happens when two sine waves of the same frequency occur at the same time but 180 degrees out of phase?
They cancel each other out and there is no sound.
Describe how we are able to localize sound.
Because of timing and intensity differences.