The Beat Goes On
This is the sound heard when the bicuspid and tricuspid valves close.
S1
This physiologic circuit carries oxygenated blood from the left heart to the rest of the body.
What is the systemic circuit?
These adorable little waves represent atrial depolarization.
P waves
Each heartbeat begins here - an island of cells high in the right atrium
Sometimes called the "silent killer", this disorder can damage blood vessels, kidneys, and the retinas.
What is hypertension?
Between ventricular systole and diastole, which of the two is a longer period of time in the normal cardiac cycle?
Diastole (2/3 of the cycle compared to 1/3 of the cycle spent in systole)
Also known as "preload", this physiologic variable refers to the amount of blood present in the ventricle just before it contracts.
What is end diastolic volume?
During the events represented by the P waves, these valves are OPEN.
The AV valves (bicuspid and tricuspid)
This structure is stimulated by atrial contraction and passes that signal on to the ventricles.
What is the AV node?
What is the type of shock that is due to blood loss?
Hemorrhagic shock
What must take place in order for blood to be pumped out of the left ventricle and into the aorta?
Pressure in the ventricle must exceed pressure in the aorta.
What effect on blood flow would you see if resistance was increased?
Blood flow would decrease.
This wave shows when the ventricles FINALLY do something for themselves...and relaaaaaaax.
T wave
This pair of conduction system structures pass through the interventricular septum.
What are the right and left bundle branches?
What is the medical term for Heart Attack?
Myocardial infarction.
During ventricular systole, is the aortic valve open or shut?
Shut
These three factors all affect blood flow - don't forget to tell us which is the MOST SIGNIFICANT.
What are vessel length, blood viscosity and blood vessel radius (most significant)
This portion of the EKG tracing represents the events that slam AV valves shut.
QRS complex (represents ventricular systole, which closes AV valves)
Which physical exam finding occurs each time the SA node stimulates the AV node, resulting in ventricular systole?
What are arterial pulses?
What is the feared consequence of an arterial aneurysm?
Increased vessel wall stretch weakens the wall and the vessel ruptures and bleeds.
Name the effect on cardiac output when:
Stroke volume increases
and
Total peripheral resistance increases.
Cardiac output increases as stroke volume increases
Cardiac output decreases as TPR increases.
The factor that is significantly elevated in uncontrolled hypertension - the physiologic variable that the ventricles have to "pump against" to get blood out into the circulation.
Afterload aka total peripheral resistance
This "segment" is elevated in some heart attacks - the portion between ventricular depolarization and ventricular repolarization.
ST segment
Purkinje fibers are the portion of the conduction system that stimulate which part of the heart to contract?
What are the ventricles
Name a symptom in a patient with pure left sided heart failure that you would NOT see in pure right sided heart failure.
Pulmonary edema, chest pain from low blood flow to heart itself, dizzyness/fainting from low blood flow to brain.