Preload, Afterload, Contractility
What is preload?
amount of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole
What is the BP to classify HTN?
140/90
What is the patho of heart failure?
inability of the heart to pump sufficient blood to meet the body's demand = WEAK heart
What is the patho of CAD?
hardening of the arteries
What is the patho for PVD?
"venous thrombosis"
weak vein walls -> valve enlarge -> incompetent valve allow back flow -> back flow inc pressure
What is afterload?
resistance against which the left ventricle must pump
What are influencing factors of HTN?
What are some things we assess for fluid overload?
daily wt, I&Os, lung sounds, check labs/electo, hemodynamic monitoring
What are risk factors for CAD?
fatty plaque build up, genetics, cholesterol >200, triglyceride > 150, LDL > 160, HDL < 40 = men; HDL < 50 = women, obesity, HTN, smoking
What is the patho of PAD
narrowing of arteries due to thickening
What is contractility?
force of cardiac contraction - how well does the heart pump
What are early manifestations of HTN?
HEADACHE, fatigue, dizziness, palpation
How do we diagnosis HF?
BNP =beta natriuretic peptide
What should we monitor when patient is takin lipid lowering drugs aka -statins ?
liver function - check ast, alt, bilirubin
What PVD occurs in superficial veins and which one occurs in deep veins?
varicose = superficial
DVT =deep
What are some interventions for preload?
dec fluids, dec Na, diuretics
What are last manifestations of HTN?
organ damage, retinal damage, PVD, CHF
What are some complications that can occur with HF?
fluid in lungs, renal failure, LVT, hepatomegaly, dysrhythmias
What is the patient at risk for when taking antiplatelet meds?
risk for bleeding
What are some clinical manifestations for PAD?
intermittent claudication, paresthesia, sjiny skin, cap > 3 sec, feet down = red, feet elevated = white
What is a med we can use for contractility?
digoxin
- addition; ACE inhibitors, Ca channel blockers, beta blockers
What are some complication if HTN isn't fixed?
stroke, MI, Kidney failure, Heart failure, CAD, blindness
What is the difference between left and right side HF?
Left = lungs
Right = body
When is the best time to get -statins?
at night = liver works best
What disease is located on the toes and feet... and ankles?
PVD = ankles