General
Complex clinical syndrome with symptoms and signs that result from any structural or functional impairment of ventricular filling or ejection of blood.
What is Heart Failure
SOB, Fatigue, Exercise Intolerance, Anorexia, Fluid Overload, Hemoptysis, Gut edema are examples this.
What are Subjective signs/symptoms of HF?
ACEI/ARB/ARNI; Beta-Blockers; SGLT2, MRAs
What are the 4 pillars of heart failure?
This medication may mask symptoms of hypoglycemia (tremor, irritability, palpitations).
What are Beta-Blockers?
Sodium restrictions
What is < 2-3 grams per day?
Coronary Artery Disease
What is the most common cause of Heart failure.
S3 Gallop, Cool extremities, tachycardia, BNP> 100pq/mL, JVD, Pulmonary rales and edema, cheyene-stroke respiration are examples of this.
What are Objective signs/symptoms of HF?
Bisoprolol, carvedilol, metoprolol succinate.
What are the cardioselective beta-blockers?
This MRA may cause gynecomastia.
What is spironolactone?
Water restrictions
What is two liters per day?
Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).
What is Systolic Heart Failure?
This functional classification is based on the amount of activity needed to elicit symptoms from the patient
What is the NYHA (New York Heart Association)?
empagliflozin and dapagliflozin
What are the two approved SGLT2s used in heart failure?
These medications may cause hyperkalemia.
What are ACEI/ARB/ARNI?
Daily measurements of weight to monitor ______.
What is fluid retention?
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).
What is diastolic heart failure?
A complete history and physical examination with appropriate lab testing are essential in the initial evaluation.
What is a patient suspected of having HF?
Preferred diuretic in heart failure.
Aldosterone increases blood pressure primarily by inducing sodium and water retention. Overexpression of aldosterone is thought to contribute to myocardial fibrosis (especially following myocardial infarction) and vascular fibrosis. Mineralocorticoid receptors are located in the kidney, heart, blood vessels, and brain. _______ selectively blocks mineralocorticoid receptors reducing blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner and appears to prevent myocardial and vascular fibrosis.
What is Eplerenone?
A planned, controlled, and repetitive physical activity.
What is exercise?
Previous LVEF </= 40% and a follow up measurement of LVEF > 40%
What is Improved ejection fraction (HFimpEF)?
Enlarged heart seen on imaging tests, often due to heart damage or disease.
What is Cardiomegaly
Order of potency in preferred diuretics.
What is: bumetanide >torsemide > furosemide?
Selective inhibitor of beta1-adrenergic receptors; competitively blocks beta1-receptors, with little or no effect on beta2-receptors at oral doses <100 mg (in adults).
What is metoprolol succinate?
This lifestyle intervention has been shown to improve exercise capacity, quality of life, and even reduce hospitalizations in patients with both heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).
What is cardiac rehabilitation?