Defs
Ejection Fraction
What is amount of blood pumped out of the ventricle/total amount of blood in ventricle?
This drug class works by decreasing HR, BP, RAAS activation, sympathetic outflow, and remodeling.
B-blockers
This range is a normal EF.
What is 55-70%
Enlargement of the heart is the body's way of componestating for this type of heart failure.
What is HFrEF? With HFpEF, it's left ventricular hypertrophy.
Mr. Kellogg has been diagnosed with HF. He states that he has trouble getting dressed in the morning and walking from his bedroom to the living room without getting SOB. He doesn't experience symptoms at rest. He is in this NYHA class
What is NYHA Class III?
Preload
What is the volume of blood in ventricles at the end of diastole (relaxation)?
This class of drugs can be added on in a patient with NYHA class II-IV if they have a CrCl >30 mL/min and K levels less than 5 if symptoms still presist.
Aldosterone antagonists.
This relationship is explained by the Frank Starling Curve.
What is an increase in preload causes an increase in stroke volume, but only to a certain extent?
Activation of the RAAS system leads to the production of this hormone, which helps the body retain sodium and water, and allows the body to excrete more K.
What is aldosterone?
Ms. Freeman has been diagnosed with heart failure. She states that she gets out of breath when she walks on the treadmill or goes up a flight of stairs. She is comfortable at rest. She is in this NYHA class.
What is NYHA class II?
This metoprolol IS used for the treatment of HF.
What is metoprolol succinate
This most reliable sign of fluid overload in a HF patient. If not visible, it can be provoked by applying pressure to the abdomen.
What is a positive JVD?
Ms. Owen has HF. She reports SOB when she watches TV or is resting. She is in this NYHA class.
What is NYHA class IV?
This class of medication can only be added on if a patient's BP can be controlled and it's NYHA II-III.
ANRI
These are important lab tests that can be done to further diagnose HF.
What is a BNP test (greater than 400), exercise stress test, echocardiograph, possible ECG or chest X ray?
A patient has recently had an MI and he is now experiencing SOB when he showers in the morning. He is comfortable at rest. This patient this stage and NYHA class HF
Stage C class III
Afterload
What is the resistance that the left ventricle must overcome in order to circulate blood to the body?
This drug's adverse effects include: bronchoconstriction, bradycardia, cold extremities, CNS effects, hypoglycemia and an adverse lipid profile.
What are BB?
These are the big 5 signs and symptoms of heart failure.
What are: SOB, Chronic coughing or wheezing, build-up of fluid, fatigue/lightheadness, high heart rate?
Tell me a sceranio for a person with stage C class II HF.
Savannah will decide if the sceranio is correct, but must include something with the heart having structural disease and the patient having symptoms of HF from ordinary physical activity