Pathophysiology & Etiology
Heart failure is a complex syndrome in which the heart cannot do this adequately.
What is pump blood to meet the body's metabolic needs?
Crackles, orthopnea, and pink, frothy sputum indicate failrue on which side of the heart?
What is left-sided heart failure?
This blood test rises with ventricular stretch and is used to confirm HF.
What is BNP (B-type natriuretic peptide)?
Loop diuretics such as furosemide reduce these two things.
What are preload and pulmonary congestion?
The most accurate daily indicator of fluid status.
What is daily weight?
This is the most common cause of heart failure in adults.
What is coronary artery disease (CAD)?
Peripheral edema, jugular vein distention, and ascites indicate this type of heart failure.
What is right-sided heart failure?
This imaging test determines ejection fraction and chamber size.
What is an echocardiogram?
ACE inhibitors and beta-blockers are cornerstone drugs for this reason.
What is to decrease afterload and improve survival?
Teach patients to limit this nutrient to reduce fluid retention.
What is sodium?
This form of heart failure occurs when the ventricle fails to eject blood effectively.
What is systolic heart failure (HFrEF)?
Fatigue and activity intolerance are common in HF because of this.
What is decreased cardiac output?
A chest X-ray showing pulmonary vascular congestion suggests this diagnosis.
What is acute decompensated heart failure?
This bedside position helps relieve dyspnea in acute HF.
What is tripod?
Instruct patients to report a sudden weight gain of this amount.
What is 3 lb over 2 days or 3-5 lb in a week?
This type of cardiomyopathy features ventricular dilation and impaired systolic function.
What is dilated cardiomyopathy?
Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy often collapse during exertion due to this.
What is outflow obstruction and decreased filling time?
In cardiomyopathy, this invasive procedure may be used to identify ischemic or valvular causes.
What is cardiac catheterization?
Patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and severe dysrhythmias may require these two devices.
What are an ICD and biventricular pacemaker (CRT)?
Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy should avoid this type of activity.
What is strenuous or competitive exercise?
This inherited form of cardiomyopathy leads to thickened ventricular walls and possible sudden death.
What is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
Restrictive cardiomyopathy results in these two hallmark symptoms from systemic venous congestion.
What are hepatomegaly and ascites?
What is hypertrophic or dilated cardiomyopathy?
In end-stage HF or cardiomyopathy, this mechanical device can support circulation while awaiting transplant.
What is a ventricular assist device (VAD)?
This teaching strategy can help prevent readmission for heart failure or cardiomyopathy patients.
What is medication adherence, symptom monitoring, and early follow-up?