This medication will decrease blood pressure and afterload. Helps decrease mortality rate in patients with heart failure.
What is an ACE-inhibitor
100
Compensatory mechanism: Because of low CO, it will increase BP and HR. Circulating catecholamines are released, resulting in peripheral vasoconstriction.
What is the SNS?
100
Administer based on the degree of pulmonary congestion and resulting hypoxia.
What is oxygen therapy?
100
Signs of right-sided heart failure?
What is JV pressure, peripheral edema, hepatomegaly?
100
Left ventricle can't fill or empty effectively and causes increased pressures inside the ventricle and congestion in the pulmonary vasculature. Disturbance in contractile function.
What is Left-sided heart failure?
200
This medication will increase cardiac contractility and help decrease the signs/symptoms of heart failure. Watch out for bradycardia!
What is digitalis?
200
Compensatory mechanism that causes vasoconstriction and fluid retention. Constricts renal tubules, decreases GF, and increases reabsorption of NA from the proximal and distal renal tubules.
What is renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system?
200
Ask the client when the symptoms began related to heart failure.
What is determination of acute or chronic heart failure?
200
Skin color changes and a leathery texture in the lower extremities.
What is effects of long-standing venous stasis and edema?
200
The pump may be normal and the EF normal at times. Impaired filling and relaxation.
What is diastolic dysfunction?
300
Weak diuretic but spares potassium. Check potassium levels!!
What is spironolactone?
300
Compensatory mechanism associated with long standing hypertension.
What is ventricular hypertrophy?
300
Obtain vital signs and oxygen saturation levels before, during, and after.
What is monitoring the response of activity?
300
Best way to determine fluid gain.
What is measure daily weights, same time of day, same clothing.
300
Crackles only heard on one side.
What is crackles are related to a pulmonary disorder?
400
Pure vasodilator. Usually give along with a nitrate.
What is Hydralazine?
400
"Vicious cycle of heart failure"
What is all of the compensatory mechanisms?
400
Help patients recognize their choices, listen to their concerns.
What is minimizing powerlessness due to heart failure?
400
How to assess the jugular vein pressure.
What is elevate the HOB 45 degrees . Identify the IJ and measure the height of the pulse from the level of the clavicle in centimeters.
400
Wheezing, crackles. Decreased cerebral oxygenation causes severe breathlessness, restlessness, feeling of suffocation.
What is pulmonary edema?
500
These drugs block the adverse effects of the sympathetic nervous system. Relax blood vessels, decrease afterload, decrease cardiac workload.
What is a beta blocker?
500
Results in decreased blood ejected from the ventricle.
What is systolic heart failure?
500
Best time to administer oral diuretics.
What is early in the morning?
500
Patients with severe heart failure may exhibit this type of respirations.
What is Cheyne-Stokes?
500
Reduce volume overload, improve ventricular function, and increase oxygenation.