CAD results from the effects of accumulation of this in coronary arteries, which leads to reduction in blood flow to the myocardium.
What is atherosclerotic plaque?
100
This condition results in a decrease in oxygenated blood getting to the heart causing the left ventricle to have to work harder and ultimately causing high blood pressure because a segment of the aorta is too narrow.
What is coarctation of the aorta?
100
Normal sinus rhythm is the usual rhythm of heartbeats and it is established by this.
What is the SA node?
100
Myocardial infarction, chronic high blood pressure, valve disorders, coronary artery disease, coronary artery disease, and congenital defect are all causes of this.
What is congestive heart failure?
100
Complete obstruction of a coronary artery may result in this.
What is cardiac myopathy?
200
This diagnostic technique uses ultrasound waves to image the interior of the heart to determine if the patient is suffering from CAD.
What is echocardiography?
200
Mixing of oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood between the ventricles is caused by incomplete development of the interventricular septum as a result of this.
What is a ventricular septal defect?
200
This term refers to a heart rate that is greater than 100 beats per minute.
What is tachycardia?
200
Increased force of contraction caused by increased preload is referred to as this.
What is the Frank-Starling law of the heart?
200
Contractile fibers are brought to threshold causing voltage-gated fast Na+ channels to open during this stage of the action potential.
What is depolarization?
300
When the walls of coronary arteries thicken and lose their elasticity it's indicative of this group of diseases.
What is arteriosclerosis?
300
This is a fetal structure that can cause aortic blood to flow into the pulmonary trunk if it does not close properly shortly after birth.
What is the ductus arteriosus?
300
This is a common type of arrhythmia that reduces the pumping effectiveness of the heart by 20-30%.
What is atrial fibrillation?
300
Long-term high-blood pressure will increase this.
What is afterload?
300
This wave of an ECG represents rapid ventricular depolarization.
What is QRS complex?
400
This is a surgical procedure used to treat CAD that involves attaching ("grafting") a blood vessel from another part of the body to a coronary artery as a means of bypassing the blockage.
What is CABG (coronary artery bypass grafting)?
400
The is the bluish discoloration most visible in the nail beds and mucus membranes that happens when deoxygenated blood levels are high.
What is cyanosis?
400
This is what happens when a region of the heart that isn't part of the cardiac conduction system becomes more excitable than normal and causes abnormal action potentials to occur.
What is ectopic focus?
400
This is common in the elderly and is caused by degeneration of cells in the SA node.
What is sick sinus syndrome?
400
This structure provides a structural foundation for the valves and prevents them from over-stretching.
What is the fibrous skeleton of the heart?
500
Two examples of clot-dissolving drugs that can be injected into a coronary artery to dissolve an obstructing thrombus.
What are streptokinase and tPA (tissue plasminogen activator)?
500
Enlarged right ventricle, an aorta that emerges from both ventricles, an interventricular septal defect, and a stenosed pulmonary valve are all associated with this congenital heart defect.
What is tetralogy of fallot?
500
An ECG for this type of arrhythmia would have no defined waves; P, QRS complex, or the T wave.
What is ventricular fibrillation?
500
Ventricular pumping efficiency reduction caused by thickening of the ventricular walls is what causes this condition.
What is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
500
This is the remnant of a structure that was once the opening into the interatrial septum of the fetal heart that normally closes shortly after birth.