Layers (Thorax & Pericardium)
The layers of the thoracic wall from skin to lung
→ Skin → fascia → external → internal → innermost intercostals (with VAN) → endothoracic fascia → parietal pleura → lung
Trace the flow of blood from Superior Vena Cava to the pulmonary trunk.
→ Superior Vena Cava → Right Atrium → Tricuspid → Right Ventricle → Pulmonary valve → Pulmonary trunk
The ventricle containing the moderator band
→ Right ventricle
The artery which runs in the anterior interventricular sulcus
→ LAD (anterior interventricular artery)
The nerve which provides sensory innervation to the fibrous pericardium
→ Phrenic nerve (C3–C5), referred pain to shoulder/neck
The layers of the pericardium from superficial to deep
→ Fibrous → Parietal serous → Pericardial cavity → Visceral serous (epicardium) → Myocardium → Endocardium
Chamber that blood enter after the pulmonary veins
→ Left atrium
The chamber which forms the apex of the heart
→ Left ventricle
The vein which runs with the Left Anterior Descending Artery (Anterior Interventricular Artery)
→ Great cardiac vein
The autonomic input which increases HR and contractility
→ Sympathetic (T1–T4)
The fascia connects pleura to the thoracic wall
→ Endothoracic fascia
The valve which prevents backflow into the Left Atrium during systole
→ Mitral valve
The smooth posterior wall of the Right Atrium called
→ Sinus venarum
The artery which usually gives rise to posterior interventricular artery in right-dominant hearts
→ Right Coronary Artery
The autonomic input which decreases HR and contractility
→ Parasympathetic (Vagus nerve)
The fascia covers the apex of the lung
→ Sibson’s fascia (suprapleural membrane)
At what vertebral level does the esophageal hiatus occur
→ T10
The structure which marks the remnant of foramen ovale
→ Fossa ovalis
The veins which drain directly into the Right Artery, bypassing coronary sinus
→ Anterior cardiac veins
The dermatomes which receive referred pain from cardiac ischemia
→ T1–T4 (left chest/arm)
What structure anchors fibrous pericardium to the diaphragm?
→ Pericardiacophrenic ligament
The vessels which carry oxygenated blood from lungs to heart
→ Pulmonary veins
The ventricle which has the thickest myocardium
→ Left ventricle
The structure which sits in the posterior Atrioventricular groove and drains most cardiac veins
→ Coronary sinus
The nerve which runs with the pericardiophrenic vessels
→ Phrenic nerve