Definitions
What is the definition of matter?
Anything that has mass and takes up space.
In this state, particles are tightly packed, vibrate in place, and have a fixed shape and volume.
Solid
What is the change in state from solid to liquid called?
Melting
What is the transfer of heat through direct contact?
Conduction
The energy source that comes from the sun.
Solar energy
What state has the highest level of energy?
Gas
What is the change in state from liquid to gas called?
Evaporation
The transfer of heat by the movement of fluids (liquids or gases)?
Convection
This energy source uses Earth's heat from inside the planet.
What is geothermal energy
The total energy of all particles in a substance.
Thermal Energy.
Convection currents form because warm air or liquid does this, while cold air or liquid does what?
Warm rises, cold sinks
What is the change in state from gas to liquid called?
Condensation
The transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves (no direct contact needed).
Radiation
The movement of air due to differences in temperature along land and sea.
Sea breeze and land breeze
What is it called when a substance increases size after being heated or decreases in size after heat is removed? (2 answer required)
Thermal expansion and thermal contraction.
According to the particle theory, adding heat causes particles to do what?
Move faster and spread apart
What is the change in state from gas to solid called?
Deposition
This type of material slows down heat transfer and keeps heat from moving easily.
An insulator
Describe the role of greenhouse gases in heating Earth.
They trap heat radiation and keep Earth warm
A term that describes how much matter is packed into a certain space and changes when temperature changes.
Density
This principle describes that particles are always moving, and the higher the temperature, the faster they move.
The relationship between temperature and kinetic energy
What is the change in state called from solid to gas?
Sublimation
Identify two natural processes on Earth caused by convection.
Ocean currents, wind, sea breezes, land breezes, mantle convection, storms, or volcano heating? (Any two)
How, mainly, do human activities increase the greenhouse effect and what one action could reduce it?
Burning fossil fuels increases CO₂, and reducing fossil fuel use or switching to renewable energy lowers emissions.