The Nature of Heat
The amount of heat needed to change an object's temperature by a certain amount
heat capacity
A device that automatically regulates temperature
thermostat
The law stating that the amount of energy gained by a system equals the energy lost by the surroundings
first law of thermodynamics
The change of a substance from a liquid to a gas
evaporation
The transfer of heat without matter
radiation
The state in which no thermal energy is transferred between objects that are at the same temperature
thermal equilibrium
Heat transfer which causes the handle of a pot of boiling water to become hot
conduction
The law stating that natural processes tend to go toward less usable energy and greater disorder
second law of thermodynamics
The point at which molecules of a solid move fast enough to overcome the cohesion that holds them together
melting point
Name for a double-walled container with a vacuum separating the walls
Dewar flask
A device designed to measure the heat involved in a physical or chemical change
calorimeter
With this device, a metal screen ducts heat into the air
safety lamp
According to the second law of thermodynamics, what property do natural processes tend to increase?
entropy
The general term for "hidden" heat absorbed or released when a substance undergoes a change in state
latent heat
Liquids that evaporate quickly are considered this
volatile
c = Q / m (delta) T
the specific heat of an object
Method of heat transfer in which a hot-water heating system is used to heat a room
convection
This theoretical device would generate the maximum possible amount of work from a given amount of heat
Carnot engine
The amount of heat required to change a given amount of a solid into a liquid
heat of fusion
The temperature at which evaporation occurs throughout a liquid
boiling point
The internal energy that an object has because of the random motions of its individual molecules
thermal energy
Most atmospheric winds are caused by these currents
convection
The first law of thermodynamics is a practical restatement of this scientific idea
law of conservation of energy
How does the addition of a solute change the freezing point of a liquid?
temperature decreases
Dissolving a solute in a liquid causes the boiling point of a substance to do this
elevate (increase)