Temperature
Temperature is the measure of the average ________ energy of the particles in an object.
Kinetic
Heat is the transfer of energy between objects that are at ________ temperatures.
What are the three common states of matter found on Earth?
Solid, liquid, and gas
A car engine is an example of what general type of engine?
An internal combustion engine.
Name the three temperature scales used in science and everyday life.
Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin
In what direction does heat energy always flow?
From the warmer object to the cooler object.
What is the term for the increase in size of a substance when it gets hotter?
Thermal expansion
What special fluid is used in refrigerators and air conditioners to absorb heat?
A refrigerant
What is the theoretical temperature where all molecular motion completely stops?
Absolute Zero (0 Kelvin)
This type of energy transfer happens through direct contact, like touching a hot pan.
Conduction
What is the term for the decrease in size of a substance when it cools down?
Thermal contraction
If a house has large windows facing south to trap sunlight and heat the rooms naturally without any pumps or fans, what kind of heat technology is it using?
Passive solar heating
If two objects have the same temperature, do they always have the same amount of total thermal energy? Why or why not?
No, because thermal energy also depends on the mass/amount of matter.
Ex: A big pot of soup has more thermal energy than a small cup of soup at the same temperature.
This type of energy transfer moves in waves through empty space, like light from the sun.
Radiation
Why do bridges have metal "teeth" or expansion joints built into the driving surface?
To give the bridge room to expand on hot summer days so it doesn't buckle or crack.
What is the main difference between an internal combustion engine and an external combustion engine?
An internal engine burns fuel inside the engine (like a car). An external engine burns fuel outside the engine (like an old steam locomotive).
Describe what happens to the motion of atoms in a solid object as it gets hotter.
They vibrate and move much faster.
Why does a tile floor feel much colder to your bare feet than a rug, even though they are the exact same temperature?
Tile is a thermal conductor and pulls heat away from your feet quickly. The rug is an insulator and slows heat transfer down.
When ice melts into liquid water, is thermal energy being added to the system or removed from the system?
Added
Explain how a refrigerator keeps food cold. (Hint: Mention where the heat goes!)
The refrigerant evaporates to absorb heat from the inside of the fridge, then pumps that heat out into the kitchen air.