Pathophysiology
What is the primary cause of heat stroke?
Prolonged exposure to high temperatures or strenuous activity in hot environments
What are the key nursing responsibilities when administering midazolam to ensure patient safety, particularly regarding respiratory status?
Monitoring vital signs, ensuring proper administration, and responding to potential respiratory depression or other adverse effects.
What is the normal serum potassium level?
3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Which of the following management do they do this?
Assess airway patency, breathing pattern, and circulation immediately upon arrival.
Rapid Cooling of Body Temperature
Immediate Assessment of Airway, Breathing, and Circulation (ABC)
Immediate Assessment of Airway, Breathing, and Circulation (ABC)
What should the patient focus on when gradually returning to physical activity after a heat stroke?
Low-intensity activities like walking or stretching and gradually increase intensity as tolerated, under the guidance of their healthcare provider.
What happens to sweating in classic heat stroke?
Sweating usually stops, leading to dry skin
What are the potential side effects and adverse reactions of midazolam
Headache,Drowsiness, Nausea and Vomiting, Hiccups, Coughing, Agitation, Restlessness, Uncontrollable shaking, Stiffening and jerking of the arms and legs (possible seizure activity), Aggression, Seizures, Uncontrollable rapid eye movements, Hives, rash, or itching (possible allergic reaction), Pain or redness at the injection site
Severe dehydration and hypovolemia can lead to (blank) blood pressure, (blank) circulation, and organ (blank)
Severe dehydration and hypovolemia can lead to DECREASED blood pressure, IMPAIRED circulation, and organ FAILURE.
Which of the following management do they do this?
In the ambulance, air conditioning should be turned on to reduce the body temperature.
Rapid Cooling of Body Temperature
Rapid Cooling of Body Temperature
What is one key aspect of hydration therapy recommended during recovery from heat stroke?
Maintain proper hydration by drinking water or electrolyte-replenishing solutions.
What is the primary cause of John Wick’s collapse during the half-marathon?
Exertional Heat Stroke (EHS)
To reduce the body temperature in order to prevent further organ damage and neurological impairment from hyperthermia due to heat stroke.
Cooling Measures (Active Cooling)
What are the four common vasopressors?
Phenylephrine, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine and Vasopressin
Which of the following management do they do this?
Prepare for potential defibrillation in case of ventricular fibrillation or other life-threatening arrhythmias.
Continuous Cardiac Monitoring and Management of Arrhythmias
Administration of Antidotes and Electrolyte Management
Continuous Cardiac Monitoring and Management of Arrhythmias
Why is it important for a patient recovering from heat stroke to avoid high-temperature environments or strenuous activities for 2-4 weeks?
It allows the body to fully recover and reduces the risk of further complications such as heat exhaustion, dehydration, or exacerbation of underlying conditions.
What does minimal or absent sweating in a victim experiencing heat stroke indicate?
Minimal sweating in heat stroke indicates thermoregulatory failure.
To address hyperkalemia as evidenced by ECG changes (tall peaked T waves, followed by sine wave formation). These changes can lead to cardiac arrhythmias like ventricular fibrillation.
Monitoring and Treatment of Electrolyte Imbalances (Hyperkalemia)
What is the normal body temperature? (range)
36.5-37.5
Explain what to they usually do in this medical management?
Assessment of Urine Output and Renal Function
Monitor urine output to assess renal function and ensure adequate perfusion.
Send urine samples for analysis of myoglobin and creatinine to assess for rhabdomyolysis.
What should a patient be educated about in terms of preventing overheating after a heat stroke?
Take frequent breaks in shaded areas, avoid peak sun hours (10 AM to 4 PM), use fans, and apply cooling measures like cold compresses to prevent overheating.
What condition is characterized by high body temperature, absence of sweating, hot red or flushed dry skin, rapid pulse, difficulty breathing, strange behavior, hallucinations, confusion, agitation, disorientation, seizures, and/or coma?
Heat Stroke
2. Seizure Management (Midazolam Administration)
4. Cardiac Resuscitation and Defibrillation
5. Blood Tests (Electrolytes, Kidney Function, Arterial Blood Gases)
6. Urine Output Monitoring
Explain the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and enumerate the EVM response, in order.
Eye opening- (4) Spontaneous, (3) to speech, (2) to pain and (1) no response
Verbal response- (5) oriented, (4) confused, (3) inappropriate words, (2) unclear sounds and (1) none
Motor response- (6) Obeys command, (5) Localizes pain, (4) withdraws, (3) flexion, (2) extension and (1) None
Other than the medical management stated from the previous questions give 1 medical management and explain its purpose
Administration of Antidotes and Electrolyte Management
Ongoing Monitoring of Vital Signs and Temperature
Psychological Support and Reassurance
Coordination of Care and Communication with the Healthcare Team
How can a patient’s diet contribute to their recovery after heat stroke, and what specific foods should be included or avoided?
A balanced diet rich in fluids, electrolytes (e.g., potassium, sodium, magnesium), and vitamins is important for recovery. Foods like fruits (e.g., watermelon, cucumbers) and soups can help rehydrate. Alcohol, caffeine, and excessive salty foods should be avoided as they can contribute to dehydration.