Types of Heat Transfer
Heat transfer that happens through direct contact between particles or objects.
Conduction
The total amount of kinetic energy of all the particles in a substance.
Thermal energy
A material that allows heat to move through it easily.
Conductor
In a solid, how are particles arranged and how do they move?
Tightly packed and vibrate in place.
Feeling the warmth of a campfire without touching it is an example of ____.
Radiation.
This type of heat transfer moves through liquids and gases in currents.
Convection
The measure of the average kinetic energy (speed) of particles in a substance.
Temperature
A material that slows down or prevents heat transfer.
Insulator
In a liquid, how are particles arranged and how do they move?
Close together but able to slide past one another.
Warm air rising and cool air sinking in a room is an example of ____.
Convection.
Heat transfer that travels through electromagnetic waves and can occur in space.
Radiation
If two objects have the same temperature but one has more mass, which has more thermal energy?
The one with more mass.
Give one example of a good conductor.
Metal (such as copper or aluminum).
In a gas, how are particles arranged and how do they move?
Far apart and move quickly in all directions.
Touching a hot pan and burning your hand is an example of ____.
Conduction.
When you hold a metal spoon in a hot pot and it gets hot, what type of heat transfer is this?
Conduction
What happens to particle movement as temperature increases?
Particles move faster.
Give one example of a good insulator.
Wood, plastic, foam, or wool.
When a solid is heated and turns into a liquid, this change is called ____.
Melting.
The reason you wear a jacket in cold weather is because it acts as a(n) ____.
Insulator.
Explain how heat from the Sun reaches Earth even though there is no air in space.
By radiation — electromagnetic waves carry energy through empty space.
When two substances at different temperatures come into contact, what happens to the heat?
It transfers from the warmer to the cooler substance until they reach equilibrium.
Why does a metal chair feel colder than a wooden one, even if they’re the same temperature?
Metal conducts heat away from your skin faster, so it feels colder.
Explain what happens to particle motion when a substance is cooled.
Particles slow down and move closer together.
Explain what type of heat transfer cooks food inside an oven and how.
Convection — warm air circulates and transfers heat evenly to the food.