Enlightenment & Scientific Thought
This thinker argued that individuals should be free to pursue their own economic self-interest.
Who is Adam Smith?
This illegal act marked the beginning of the French Revolution.
What is the Third Estate declaring itself the National Assembly?
This country became the first industrial nation by the mid-19th century.
What is Great Britain?
This Russian ruler was the first to take the title of tsar and expand eastward.
Who is Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible)?
This formerly enslaved writer published a famous narrative describing the Middle Passage and life in the Atlantic slave system.
Olaudah Equiano?
This philosopher believed that a positive environment shapes human development.
Who is John Locke?
Napoleon came to power through this type of political action.
What is a coup d’état?
This social class originally referred to town dwellers with economic means.
What is the bourgeoisie?
This English political outcome followed the Glorious Revolution.
What is a constitutional monarchy?
This founder of the Ming dynasty rose from peasant origins and restored Confucian rule after the Mongols.
Hongwu Emperor?
This concept separates mind and matter into two distinct entities.
What is Cartesian dualism?
This event in 1812 marked the beginning of Napoleon’s downfall.
What is the invasion of Russia?
This ideology was a major threat to established political order in 19th-century Europe.
What is nationalism?
This agreement ended the Thirty Years’ War.
What is the Peace of Westphalia?
This Ming ruler moved the capital to Beijing and sponsored massive naval expeditions.
Yongle Emperor?
This work synthesized the ideas of Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo into a new understanding of the universe.
What is Newton’s Principia?
This Latin American country became the first to gain independence as a result of the French Revolution.
What is Haiti?
This country gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1830.
What is Greece?
This Catholic reform council affirmed that both faith and good works are required for salvation.
What is the Council of Trent?
This 1814–1815 meeting sought to restore balance of power and suppress revolutionary movements after Napoleon’s defeat.
Congress of Vienna?
The Enlightenment promoted this method as the key to progress and a better society.
What is the scientific method?
This individual spurred wars of Independence in Central and South America
Who is Bolivar
According to Karl Marx, all human history is the story of this.
What is class struggle?
This French ruler is considered the classic example of absolutism and ruled from Versailles.
Louis XIV?
This Prussian leader used “blood and iron” policies to unify Germany.
Otto von Bismarck?