CATEGORY 1: BLOOD CLOTTING MECHANISMS
The process of blood changing from a liquid to a solid to plug vessel injuries is called this.
Answer: What is coagulation?
This antiplatelet drug prevents clot formation by inhibiting thromboxane A₂.
Answer: What is aspirin?
This thrombolytic drug converts plasminogen to plasmin to dissolve existing clots.
Answer: What is urokinase?
This herbal therapy promotes vasodilation, decreases platelet aggregation, and may improve circulation.
Answer: What is Ginkgo Biloba?
This condition results from low red blood cell count or hemoglobin, leading to reduced oxygen delivery.
Answer: What is anemia?
Platelet aggregation begins when platelets adhere to this area, forming a temporary plug before the clotting cascade begins.
Answer: What is the site of vessel injury?
Before surgery, patients taking aspirin should stop the medication this many days before the procedure.
Answer: What is 7 days (1 week)?
Enoxaparin, a low molecular weight heparin, acts primarily by inhibiting these clotting factors.
Answer: What are Factors Xa and IIa?
This herbal supplement can cause bleeding and low blood sugar when combined with insulin or anticoagulants.
Answer: What is Ginger Root?
This drug stimulates red blood cell production in bone marrow and is used for anemia caused by kidney disease or chemotherapy.
Answer: What is epoetin alfa?
The intrinsic pathway forms clots within this location.
Answer: What is inside a damaged blood vessel?
Heparin prevents clot formation by inhibiting the conversion of these two clotting factors.
Answer: What are prothrombin to thrombin and fibrinogen to fibrin?
A major adverse effect of thrombolytic therapy is this.
Answer: What is severe bleeding?
Patients on anticoagulants should use this type of razor to reduce bleeding risk.
Answer: What is an electric razor?
Epoetin alfa should be used cautiously because it may cause this common cardiovascular side effect.
Answer: What is hypertension?
This enzyme dissolves clots after healing by breaking down fibrin.
Answer: What is plasmin?
The antidote for heparin overdose is this.
Answer: What is protamine sulfate?
When administering thrombolytics, nurses should apply pressure to these to prevent bleeding.
Answer: What are recent or new wounds?
Alcohol should be avoided with anticoagulants because it increases this risk.
Answer: What is bleeding?
This iron supplement replaces missing iron needed for hemoglobin formation.
Answer: What is ferrous sulfate?
Excess activation of clotting mechanisms can lead to this life-threatening condition involving both clotting and bleeding.
Answer: What is disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?
Warfarin works in the liver to decrease the production of clotting factors dependent on this vitamin.
Answer: What is vitamin K?
Before administering urokinase, the nurse should assess for these patient history factors that increase risk.
Answer: What are recent surgery, trauma, aneurysm, peptic ulcer, or uncontrolled hypertension?
Name two signs of internal bleeding nurses should monitor for.
Answer: What are black stools, hematuria, dizziness, or abdominal pain?
Ferrous sulfate overdose can cause central nervous system toxicity. Its antidote is this.
Answer: What is deferoxamine mesylate?