Venous Diseases
Blood clot in the lower extremities
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
Consistent elevation of systemic arterial blood pressure; Also known as the "Silent Killer"
Hypertension
Pericardial Effusion
Disease caused by atherosclerosis within the coronary arteries leading to partial or complete obstruction and hypoxia distal to the site of occlusion
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Blood pooling usually in lower extremities and superficial veins, weakening the wall and leading to distended and palpable vessels.
Varicose Veins
Weakening of all three layers of a vessel wall with signs and symptoms depending on location
Aneurysms
Failure of the cardiac valves to open completely, preventing emptying of the chamber and leading to hypertrophy of the chamber directly before the valve
Valvular Stenosis
Increased oxygen demand without increased oxygen supply leading to angina
Myocardial Ischemia
Term that describes pain when walking or exercising due to an increase in oxygen demand, but a decrease in oxygen supply from the narrowing of the vessel.
Intermittent Claudication
Causes of Varicose Veins
valvular dysfunction, standing for long periods of time, obesity, crossing legs when sitting
S/S: pallor, cold temperature to touch, tingling/paresthesia, pain, paralysis, weak/absent pulses, cyanosis, intermittent claudication (ALL DISTAL TO THE SIGHT)
Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)
Failure of the cardiac valve to close completely, leading to backflow of blood during contraction and causing hypertrophy to the chamber directly after the valve
Valvular Regurgitation
Intermittent ischemia in the heart. If true, won't cause damage to the heart.
Angina
An autoimmune disease that leads to thrombin releasing in the microvasculature and causing arterial occlusion. S/S include brown thin skin and eventually necrosis and shriveling.
Buerger Disease (Thromboangitis Obliterans)
Treatment of Venous Stasis Ulcers
good wound care, reducing infection, promoting healthy lifestyle, prevention
What causes Atherosclerosis?
plaque build-up within the artery; as cholesterol builds, the lumen gets smaller
Fibrous scarring and calcification causing pericardial layers to adhere
Constrictive Pericarditis
Death of heart tissue, leading to chest pain, left sided pain, shortness of breath, or more moderate symptoms in females.
Myocardial Infarction: What tests should we run and how should we treat?
Scarring and deformity of the heart and valves along with inflammation of the heart muscle caused by rheumatic fever (untreated group A B hemolytic streptococcus)
Rheumatic Heart Disease
S/S of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
A type 3 hypersensitivity reaction where antigen/antibody complexes get stuck in the microvasculature in response to the cold due to vasoconstriction
Raynaud Phenomenon
Infection and inflammation of the endocardium, specifically the cardiac valves
Infective Endocarditis
What are some modifiable risk factors that can contribute to Heart Disease?
diet, cholesterol and fat intake, hypertension, exercise, smoking
Explain the difference between Left Heart Failure and Right Heart Failure
Right: blood backs up to rest of body, leads to edema, distended jugular veins, increased peripheral venous pressure, ascites, fatigue
Left: blood backs up to the lungs and is not pumping well throughout the body, leads to cough, orthopnea, blood tinged sputum, cyanosis, exertional dyspnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea