Microcytic
What is the most common cause of microcytic anemia?
Iron Deficiency
The 2 main causes of megaloblastic anemia are :
B12 and folate deficiency
A cell membrane defect that causes intrinsic hemolysis ( causing a N/N anemia ) , due to a genetic defect causing cells to become more permeable to Na+?
What is an inherited disorder where patients have an increase in iron absorption throughout life ?
Hemochromotosis
True or false. In Sickle cell anemia the red blood cells always take on a sickle shape.
False. during hypoxia
In Iron deficiency what is the first lab test to become abnormal?
Ferritin level decreases
What key cell is seen in peripheral blood of a person with vitamin B12 deficiency
Hypersegmented neutrophil
An Enzyme defect that can cause intrinsic hemolysis of RBC by causing the cells to be more susceptible to oxidation ?
G6PD deficiency
The term for an increase in RBC and HCT is ?
Polycythemia
What is the term for the decrease in all cell types that we see in some anemias including Megaloblastic anemia and Aplastic anemia ?
Pancytopenia
What happens to Transferrin levels in Iron deficiency anemia ?
They increase ( also reflected in TIBC increase )
The most common cause of Vit B12 deficiency is an automimmune disease that affects the absorption of Vit B12 . What is the disease called and what protein is deficient?
Pernicious Anemia / Intrinsic Factor
The following Electrophoresis pattern correlates best with what Hemoglobinopathy?
HgbA - 50%
HgbA2- 3%
HgbF - 2%
HgbS - 45%
Sickle cell trait
The most common cause of relative polycythemia is ?
dehydration
A patient has a retic count done by the appropriate method and 50 retics are counted. If the patient has a Hct of 30% . What is the corrected reticulocyte count ?
3.33%
50 / 1000 = 5%
5 x ( 30/45) = 3.33%
4 gamma
What is a common cause of Non-megaloblastic Macrocytic anemia ?
Alcoholism
There are many extrinsic causes of hemolysis that cause a N/N anemia. Among them is autoimmune hemolytic anemias. These can be Warm or Cold reacting . What Cold reacting antibody is the most common cause of Cold hemagglutinin disease and what infection typically triggers it ?
anti-I
Mycoplasma pneumonia
a myloproliferative disorder in which there is an increase in red cell production in the bone marrow ?
What is erythropoietin levels ?
Polycythemia vera
Erythropoietin is decreased
A patient has a retic count done by the appropriate method and 50 retics are counted. If the patient has a Hct of 30% . With a Hct of 30% the Maturation time is 2. What is the RPI? and What does this mean
50/1000 = 5%
5x (30/45) = 3.33%
3.33 / 2 = 1.67
Bone marrow is not responding
What disease correlates with the following electrophoresis pattern?
HgbA = 0%
HgbA2 = 5%
HgbF = 95%
Beta Thalassemia Major
What common RBC inclusion is seen in B12 and folate deficiency and what is it made of ?
Made of Nuclear remnants of DNA
Anemia of chronic disease can cause a N/N anemia or sometimes a Microcytic anemia . What is the TIBC level?
Decreased
What is a cause of inappropriate secondary absolute polycythemia ?
Kidney tumor
PNH is an acquired stem cell disorder affecting the red cell membrane causing the cell to become more sensitive to lysis especially in an acidic environment. What can we look for specifically using flow cytometry to diagnose ?
Absence of CD55 and CD59