Immunology
These large phagocytic cells arise from monocytes and are among the first responders to infection, helping activate the adaptive immune system by presenting antigens
What are macrophages
This type of dressing cannot be used on patients less than 2 months of age
What is CHG-impregnated dressing
This blood type is known as the universal donor because it can be safely given to almost any patient
What is O negative
This lab value represents the percentage of red blood cells in a patient's blood and is commonly used to assess anemia or hydration status
What is hematocrit
This inherited condition causes abnormally shaped red blood cells, leading to pain crises and anemia
What is sickle cell anemia
This organ located in the left upper abdomen filters bloodborne pathogens and is a critical site where B cells can form germinal centers during immune responses
What is the spleen
The length of time a cap should be scrubbed before accessing
What is 15 seconds
The type of tubing required to administer PRBCs and platelets
What is a standard blood transfusion set
The physiological process that stops bleeding by forming a clot at the site of blood vessel injury
Immunosuppressive drugs, careful donor-recipient matching, and adherence to follow-up care are key strategies to prevent this complication after organ transplantation
What is transplant rejection
This primary lymphoid organ located behind the sternum is where T cells complete their maturation
What is the thymus
Extra care is required with these lines because they are easily dislodged and at increased risk for infection
What are femoral lines
Blood product dose usually ordered as 10-15ml/kg
What are PRBCs
The type of blood cell that clumps together at the site of a vessel injury to form a temporary plug and initiate clotting
What are platelets
This life-threatening disorder involves widespread clotting and bleeding simultaneously, often triggered by sepsis, trauma, or malignancy
What is disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
This antibody is the most common in blood and is the one babies receive from their mothers through the placenta before birth
What is IgG
Transparent dressings should be changed routinely at this interval if not compromised
What is every 7 days
This blood product contains clotting factors and is used to treat bleeding
What is fresh frozen plasma (FFP)
The clotting factor that is activated in both the intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways and converts prothrombin to thrombin
What is factor X
This acute condition involves rapid destruction of platelets, leading to bruising and petechiae
What is immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
This branch of the immune system provides a rapid, nonspecific defense against pathogens and is present from birth, making it essential in early childhood
What is innate immunity
This type of PPE must be worn during a CVL dressing change (2)
What are sterile gloves and a mask
This electrolyte imbalance can occur after large-volume transfusions due to citrate binding calcium
What is hypocalcemia
The pathway of the coagulation cascade that is triggered by tissue injury and involves tissue factor, ultimately leading to the activation of factor X
What is the extrinsic pathway
This immunodeficiency is caused by gene mutations resulting in defects in both T and B cells
What is severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)