Lab tests
Positive in myelocytes and weakly positive in monocytes. Negative in lymphocytes.
What is MPO stain?
The most common leukemia between ages 2-5 yrs.
What is ALL?
Mutation in MYH9 gene that causes thrombocytopenia, giant platelets, Dohle body like inclusions in granulocytes and monocytes.
What is May-Hegglin Anomaly?
The cell type associated with Hodgkins Lymphoma.
What are Reed-Sternberg Cells?
The gene mutation in >95% of cases of polycythemia vera.
Fusion of primary granules that are often found in myeloblasts and abnormal promyelocytes.
What are auer rods?
Associated with PML/RARA gene translocation and has a high incidence of DIC.
What is APL?
Granulocytes with large, dark stained metachromic cytoplasmic granules composed of mucopolysaccharides.
What is Alder-Reilly Anomaly?
A leukemia that expresses flow markers CD 5, 19, 20, and 23, and demonstrates leukocytosis and lymphocytosis. Increased frequency of smudge cells can be seen on peripheral smears.
What is CLL?
Characterized by a platelet count persistently exceeding 400,000
Essential thrombocythemia
The stain used to differentiate between CML and a leukemoid reaction.
What is LAP?
A leukemia that presents with erythrocytic precursors making up >80% of the bone marrow.
What is pure erythroid leukemia?
Gaucher and Neimann Pick.
What are lipid storage diseases?
The cell type associated with Mycosis Fungoides.
What are sezary cells?
Abnormal morphologic appearance
Dysplasia
The flow panel ordered when Hairy Cell Leukemia is a concern.
What are DBA-44, CD123 and annexin A1 markers?
2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, TdT
What are the CD markers associated with T-ALL?
Light blue patches in the cytoplasm of neutrophils composed of ribosomal RNA.
What are Dohle bodies?
CD19,CD20, CD138, CD38 and cytoplasmic Ig positive, malignant plasma cells in peripheral smear and in bone marrow.
What are diagnostic indicators of multiple myeloma?
Cytogenetics, flow cytometry, and morphology
World Health Organization Blood cancer classification criteria
Morphology most associated with increased protein production, often immunoglobulins.
What is rouleaux?
The mutation that predicts a worse prognosis in ALL.
What is the Philadelphia chromosome?
A cell type with a fine chromatin pattern, a large nucleus in relation to the cytoplasm, no granulation, and a nucleoli.
What is (likely) a blast.
Weak expression of surface immunoglobulin
Expression of CD 5
Expression of CD 23
No expression of FMC 7
Absent or weak expression CD 79b or CD 22
What is the diagnostic criteria for CLL?
◦Absolute monocytosis in peripheral blood
◦< 20% blast in blood and bone marrow
◦Increased WBC with Immature granulocytes
◦Philadelphia chromosome negative
◦Age of patient 0-14 years
Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia (JMML)