Hematology Basics
These micronutrients are required for the synthesis of DNA in RBC’s.
What is Vitamin B-12 and Folate?
When this condition is severe enough the patient may develop a smooth/ red tongue and develop a condition known as pica.
What is Iron Deficiency Anemia? Page 915
Manifestations of this type of hemolytic anemia can include jaundice, bone marrow expansion, cardiomegaly, clots, splenomegaly, tissue damage/necrosis, impotence, and pulmonary hypertension (to name a few).
What is Sickle Cell Disease?
This may be triggered in response to heavy smoking, obstructive sleep apnea, severe heart disease, living in Leadville, CO.
What is 2ndary polycythemia?
The nurse teaches the client with hemophilia to avoid these agents because they interfere with platelet aggregation.
What are Aspirin, NSAIDs, some herbal and nutritional supplements (nettle, chamomile, alfalfa) and ETOH?
Decreased temperature, decreased sensation, increased pain, cyanosis in extremities, nose, earlobes; focal ischemia, superficial gangrene are signs and symptoms of this.
What is microvascular thrombosis?
Red blood cell destruction takes place primarily here but can also occur here.
What is the Spleen and Liver? Lifespan of RBC is 120 days. Hemoglobin is recycled in Liver and Spleen. What is not recycled breaks down to bilirubin and ends up in feces and urine.
Taking this on an empty stomach and with vitamin C will enhance its absorption.
What is Iron Supplement?
Under the umbrella of Thalassemias, this and this is defined as an abnormal decrease in the hemoglobin content of erythrocytes and smaller than normal size erythrocytes.
What is hypochromia and microcytosis? Remember that this leads to immature erythrocytes, leading to premature cell destruction. Hence, hemolysis.
The use of growth factors such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (e.g., nuepogen/filgrastim) can be effective in the treatment of this.
What is neutropenia?
A patient with mild von Willebrand Disease is often given this drug to prevent bleeding associated with dental and surgery procedures.
What is Desmopressin and or Aminocaproic acid?
These are the triggers for DIC.
What is sepsis, trauma, malignancy complications from pregnancy?
Clotting factors, including fibrinogen, remain in the inactive form in this until activated by clotting cascade.
What is blood plasma?
Bloodwork analysis that shows pancytopenia, combined with patient clinical manifestations of infection, pallor, fatigue, dyspnea, and purpura is evidence for this type of hypo-proliferative anemia.
What is Aplastic Anemia? Page 916
In this type of genetic hemolytic anemia that results from the lack of a cell wall stabilizing enzyme, stressors such as fever and certain drugs can trigger rupture of the cell membrane of erythrocytes.
What is Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency?
This pharmacological hemostatic agent-intervention can be administered to a bleeding disorder patient when fibrinolysis is excessive.
What is aminocaproic acid?
Transfusion of this blood product may be given to a liver disease patient in order to stop bleeding.
What is Fresh-Frozen-Plasma?
In the initial process of DIC, the patient may have no new symptoms, the only manifestation is the progressive decline of this.
What are platelets?
These derive from megakaryocytes from bone marrow and produced in response to thrombopoietin. When vascular injury occurs, they collected at injury site to stop bleeding.
What are platelets?
With evidence that a patient’s Aplastic Anemia is an immune-mediated condition, medical management may entail administration of these.
What are immunosuppressive therapies? Page 917
A positive Coombs test is typically positive on a patient suspected of having this type of Hemolytic Anemia and would possible warrant treatment with corticosteroids.
What is Immune Hemolytic Anemia? Page 927
The most common cause of increased platelet destruction is this.
What is Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)?
This, a thrombin inhibitor, is an FDA-approved anticoagulant for the treatment of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia.
What is Argatroban?
The most critical factor in managing DIC is treatment of this.
What is the underlying cause?
Patients with kidney failure are usually anemic due to the lack of this.
What is Erythropoetin?
A history of veganism, celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, or lack of intrinsic factor may contribute to the development of this.
What is Megaloblastic Anemia? Page 917-918
If corticosteroids does not result in remission of Immune Hemolytic Anemia, removal of this may be necessary as it is the site of erythrocyte destruction.
What is spleen? Page 927
Transfusions are often ineffective in ITP because these destroy the platelets.
What are antibodies?
Therapeutic phlebotomy is indicated for these type of heme disorders.
What is hemochromatosis and Polycythemia Vera?
In a DIC patient, this may be given to replace fibrinogen and factors V and VII.
What is Cryoprecipitate?