Anemia & RBC Disorders
This iron study pattern — low serum iron, low TIBC, and normal-to-high ferritin — is classic for this type of anemia
What is anemia of chronic disease/inflammation
This is the most common inherited bleeding disorder, caused by deficiency or dysfunction of the protein that mediates platelet adhesion to subendothelial collagen
What is von Willebrand disease
This reciprocal chromosomal translocation forms the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene and is diagnostic of this myeloproliferative neoplasm
What is t(9;22), the Philadelphia chromosome (CML)
This triad of fevers, drenching night sweats, and unintentional weight loss >10% is used in staging lymphoma and is referred to by this letter designation
What are "B symptoms"
This oncologic emergency — hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperuricemia, and hypocalcemia occurring after rapid tumor cell death — is prevented with hydration and this urate-lowering agent
What is tumor lysis syndrome, prevented with rasburicase/allopurinol
A patient with anemia, jaundice, thrombocytopenia, and schistocytes on peripheral smear should prompt urgent evaluation for this category of disorders
What is thrombotic microangiopathy (e.g., TTP/HUS)
A patient on heparin who develops a ≥50% drop in platelet count 5–10 days after starting therapy, with or without new thrombosis, should be evaluated for this antibody-mediated syndrome
What is heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
This peripheral smear finding — needle-like crystalline inclusions called Auer rods within blasts — is characteristic of this type of leukemia
What is acute myeloid leukemia
This large, binucleated "owl-eyed" cell seen on lymph node biopsy is pathognomonic for this lymphoma
What is the Reed-Sternberg cell (Hodgkin lymphoma)
This oncologic emergency presents with facial and upper extremity swelling and distended neck veins, most commonly from lung cancer or lymphoma compressing this major vessel
What is superior vena cava syndrome
This neurologic complication of B12 deficiency involves demyelination of the dorsal columns and corticospinal tracts, causing loss of vibration/position sense with hyperreflexia progressing to weakness
What is subacute combined degeneration
This point mutation causes resistance to activated protein C and is the most common inherited thrombophilia
What is Factor V Leiden
A JAK2 V617F mutation is most classically associated with these three myeloproliferative neoplasms
What are polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and primary myelofibrosis
This monoclonal gammopathy is distinguished from multiple myeloma by having a detectable M-protein but no CRAB features (hyperCalcemia, Renal failure, Anemia, Bone lesions)
What is MGUS (monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance)
A febrile neutropenic patient with ANC <500 should receive this class of empiric antibiotics within one hour of presentation
What are antipseudomonal beta-lactams (e.g., cefepime or piperacillin-tazobactam)
A young patient with microcytic anemia, target cells on smear, and an elevated HbA2 on hemoglobin electrophoresis most likely has this condition
What is beta-thalassemia trait (minor)
A prolonged PTT that fails to correct on a mixing study, in a patient with recurrent thrombosis and/or pregnancy loss, should raise suspicion for this acquired antibody syndrome
What is antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
This AML subtype, defined by the PML-RARA fusion and high risk of DIC at presentation, is treated with all-trans retinoic acid plus arsenic trioxide
What is acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)
This translocation, t(11;14), is one of the most common cytogenetic abnormalities found in this plasma cell malignancy
What is multiple myeloma
This tumor marker is classically elevated in hepatocellular carcinoma and non-seminomatous germ cell tumors
What is alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
This acquired hematopoietic stem cell disorder causes complement-mediated intravascular hemolysis due to deficiency of GPI-anchored proteins CD55/CD59, and is diagnosed using this specific flow cytometry test
What is paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), diagnosed by FLAER flow cytometry
This is the specific reversal agent indicated for a patient on dabigatran who presents with life-threatening bleeding
What is idarucizumab
This cytogenetic finding in CLL — deletion of a chromosome arm containing the TP53 gene — confers the worst prognosis and resistance to standard chemoimmunotherapy
What is del(17p)
This syndrome, caused by an IgM monoclonal protein leading to hyperviscosity, presents with blurred vision, mucosal bleeding, and headache, and is treated urgently with this procedure
What is Waldenström macroglobulinemia, treated with plasmapheresis
This paraneoplastic syndrome, classically from small cell lung cancer, presents with hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, and hyperglycemia, often without typical Cushingoid body habitus changes
What is ectopic ACTH syndrome (paraneoplastic Cushing syndrome)