Anticoagulants
Conditions including DVT, PE, nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, acute coronary syndrome, mechanical heart valves and procedures, antiphospholipid syndrome and immobilized patients, may require these three broad classes of anticoagulant medications.
What is Heparins, DOACs, Coumarins.
These 2 medications are frequently deployed in ACS (MI and unstable), PCI, TIA, and PAD.
What is ASA and Clopidogrel.
These lysine analogs reduce fatal bleeds by binding to plasminogen and preventing its conversion to plasmin.
What are TXA and aminocaproic acid.
This drug can cause pulmonary fibrosis and displays activity in G0.
What is Busulfan.
The presence of an acneiform rash, diarrhea, and response in non-small cell lung cancer should make you think of inhibition of this receptor.
What is the EGFR receptor.
Example: Erlotinib.
Six days after knee replacement surgery and standard anticoagulant prophylaxis, a patient develops a warm, tender, swollen calf. His labs: Hemoglobin: 13.5 g/dL, Leukocyte count: 8,100/mm³, Platelet count: 95,000/mm³ (previously 230,000/mm³), PT: 12 seconds, aPTT: 34 seconds. The medication given next is:
What is argatroban or bivalirudin.
This P2Y12(ADP) receptor inhibitor manages conditions by reversibly blocking ADP receptors, preventing GP IIb/IIIa activation.
What is Ticagrelor.
This highly specific fibrinolytic has a longer half-life and is preferred over other fibrinolytics in STEMI without PCI.
What is Tenecteplase.
Mainly active during the DNA replication phase of the cell cycle, this enzyme inhibitor has the hallmark adverse effect of diarrhea.
What is Irinotecan.
This drug treats both chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumors because both diseases can involve constitutively active tyrosine kinases.
What is Imatinib.
This adverse effect results from rapid depletion of protein C, causing paradoxical thrombosis of dermal blood vessels
What is warfarin-induced skin necrosis.
This class of antiplatelets blocks the final common pathway in platelet aggregation.
What is GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors.
This drug forms an activator complex with plasminogen because it lacks intrinsic enzymatic activity, whereas this other drug acts as a direct plasminogen activator.
What is Streptokinase and Urokinase.
This prominent emetogenic chemotherapeutic is active in all cell cycle phases and carries the hallmark side effect of peripheral neuropathy. The drug creates both intrastrand and interstrand DNA cross-links through covalent binding to guanine bases, ultimately triggering apoptosis.
What is Cisplatin.
This second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor treats Philadelphia chromosome-positive leukemia by blocking constitutive ABL kinase signaling and requires monitoring for potentially fatal cardiac arrhythmias due to QT interval prolongation.
What is Nilotinib.
The treatment for an elderly patient presenting with severe headache and progressive confusion, blood pressure :182/96 mm Hg, pulse: 88/min and irregular, right-sided weakness. Labs show: Hgb: 13.8 g/dL, Plt: 240,000/mm³, PT: 42 seconds, INR: 6.8 and aPTT: 38 seconds.
What is IV Vit K and four factor PCC.
This life-threatening microangiopathic hemolytic anemia is caused by a deficiency of ADAMTS13, leading to large von Willebrand factor multimers, thrombocytopenia, and schistocytes on peripheral smear.
What is Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura.
This fibrinolytic is front line in Acute Ischemic Stroke and massive PE.
What is Alteplase.
Active when chromosomes are aligned at the plate, this binds β-tubulin and prevents microtubule polymerization, thereby inhibiting mitotic spindle formation. A hallmark adverse effect is peripheral neuropathy.
What is Vincristine.
This monoclonal antibody impairs neovascularization by inhibiting a growth factor normally secreted by hypoxic tumors through HIF-1α signaling, resulting in adverse effects that include hypertension, bleeding, and gastrointestinal perforation
What is Bevacizumab.
Vitamin K, protamine sulfate, idarucizumab, and andexanet alfa are used for supratherapeutic levels of
What is warfarin, heparin, dabigatran, and factor Xa inhibitors.
This PDE-3 inhibitor is indicated in intermittent claudication in peripheral arterial disease.
What is Cilostazol.
This recombinant tissue plasminogen activator preferentially binds fibrin within a thrombus and converts plasminogen to plasmin, leading to fibrin degradation and clot dissolution.
What is Alteplase.
Active during histone and chromosome replication, this chemotherapeutic mitigates cancer after HGPRT activation, then inhibits de novo purine synthesis. It can cause severe toxicity when administered with a front line chronic gout medication.
What is 6MP.
A patient with non-Hodgkin lymphoma experiences fever, hypotension, and chills during infusion of a monoclonal antibody that eliminates mature B lymphocytes by targeting a surface antigen expressed on normal and malignant B cells but absent on plasma cells.
What is Rituximab.