Hemorrhagic Strokes

Random HS

100

What is a hemorrhagic stroke?

Stroke caused by a ruptured blood vessel in or on the surface of the brain with bleeding into the surrounding tissue

200

What percentage is hemorrhagic strokes of strokes overall?

13%

300

What are the 2 types of weakened blood vessels that can cause hemorrhagic strokes?

Aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs)

400

What is the most common type of hemorrhagic stroke?

Intracerebral hemorrhage

500

What type of hemorrhagic stroke can be caused by AVMs, head trauma, bleeding disorders or blood thinners?

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Diagnosis & Prognosis

100

What are components of the initial assessment done by doctors to look for a possible hemorrhagic stroke?

Obvious stroke symptoms, altered mental status, coordination and balance

200

What are the 2 types of scans preformed to look for possible bleeding on or in the brain?

MRI or CT scan

300

What test is an ultrasound to look at blood flow through the blood vessels?

Complete Vascular Study

400

In severe cases, patients can be left in a _______ or ______.

coma or paralyzed

500

Patients in better health, who have less severe hemorrhagic strokes have the possibility to do what to have a better outcome?

Rehab therapy

Signs, symptoms, complications and locations

100

What are 3 signs of a possible hemorrhagic stroke you may see in the prehospital setting?

• sudden severe headache

• vision changes

• loss of balance or coordination

• becoming unable to move

• numbness in an arm or leg

• seizures

• loss of speech or difficulty understanding speech

• confusion or loss of alertness

• nausea and vomiting

• loss of consciousness

• paralysis or numbness in any part of the body 

• inability to look at bright light
  
  

  • stiffness or pain in the neck area

  • hand tremors

  • frequent fluctuation in the heartbeat and breathing

  • difficulty swallowing

200

Hemorrhagic strokes can cause temproary or permanent disability depending on what?

how long blood flow to the brain was interrupted

300

Other complications may include: 

At least 3

•  Blood clots

•  Difficulty swallowing or talking

•  Pneumonia

•  Loss of bladder control

•  Memory loss or thinking difficulties

•  Pain

•  Emotional problems

•  Brain swelling

•  Seizures

•  Depression

400

Where is a subarachnoid hemorrhage located?

between the brain and the outer covering of the brain or the subarachnoid space

500

Where is a intracerebral hemorrhage located?

inside the brain

Treatments

100

What is the short term treatment of a hemorrhagic stroke?

decompression

200

What are the 3 types of decompression?

Burr hole procedure

Craniectomy incision

Craniotomy

300

If caused by a ruptured aneurysm, it may require what during a craniotomy?

clipping of the aneurysm

400

What can long term treatments help with?

Regaining day to day functions and prevention of future hemorrhagic strokes

500

What are the 4 long term treatment options?

physical therapy

occupational therapy

lifestyle changes

speech/communication therapy

Effects

100

What does a hemorrhagic stroke do?

interrupts the blood flow to the brain

200

Bleeding in the brain can prevent nerve cells from what?

communicating with other parts of the body

300

What does lack of blood flow to the brain cause?

loss of memory, speech or movement

400

At least 3 long term effects

• Paralysis

• Numbness or weakness in part of the body

• Difficulty swallowing

• Vision loss

• Inability to speak or understand words (difficulty with communicating or comprehension)

• Confusion, memory loss, or poor judgment

• Personality change and/or emotional problems

500

What does hemorrhagic strokes deprive the brain of which can cause the long term effects?

oxygen