Patho
This is the most common cause of cirrhosis in the United States.
What is chronic alcohol use?
Yellowing of the skin and sclera is known as this.
What is jaundice?
Elevated levels of this lab value indicate jaundice.
What is bilirubin?
This diet restriction is recommended to control ascites.
What is sodium restriction?
Patients with cirrhosis are at higher risk of this type of cancer.
What is hepatocellular carcinoma?
Hepatitis B and C can cause this long-term complication in the liver.
What is cirrhosis (or chronic liver disease)?
A patient with cirrhosis has a distended abdomen due to fluid buildup. This condition is called is_____.
What is ascites?
This clotting study is prolonged in advanced cirrhosis.
What is prothrombin time (PT)/INR?
Lactulose is given to treat this complication of cirrhosis.
What is hepatic encephalopathy (high ammonia levels)?
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is an infection of fluid in this space.
What is the peritoneal cavity (ascitic fluid)?
This viral hepatitis is transmitted primarily through contaminated food and water.
What is Hepatitis A?
Asterixis is a sign of this complication.
What is hepatic encephalopathy?
In cirrhosis, albumin levels are typically ____(high or low)
What is low.
Patients with hepatitis should avoid this common over-the-counter medication that is hepatotoxic.
What is NSAIDS?
Hepatic encephalopathy occurs because the liver cannot clear this waste product.
What is ammonia?
In cirrhosis, scar tissue replaces this normal liver tissue.
What is hepatocyte tissue (healthy liver cells)?
This skin finding is common in cirrhosis due to increased estrogen levels.
What are sider angiomas?
Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) indicates what?
What is an active infection with Hepatitis B?
A patient with esophageal varices should avoid this activity because it can trigger bleeding.
What is straining (Valsalva maneuver, heavy lifting, or forceful coughing)?
This emergency procedure ay be performed to control bleeding varices.
What is balloon tamponade (Sengstaken-Blakemore tube)?
This condition occurs when blood flow through the scarred liver is obstructed, leading to enlarged veins.
What is portal hypertension?
Severe esophageal bleeding in cirrhosis is most often caused by rupture of these.
What are esophageal varices?
A definitive diagnosis of cirrhosis is made by this procedure.
What is a liver biopsy?
Patients with hepatitis C should be educated about this major mode of transmission.
What is blood-to-blood contact ( IV drug use, needle sharing)?
In advanced cirrhosis, a trans jugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is placed to reduce pressure in this system.
What is the portal venous system?