Where is my mind?
This mood disorder is characterized by activation of the fight or flight sympathetic nervous system that releases cortisol and adrenaline. Symptoms must be present for at least six month for diagnosis and chronic illness can lead to cardiovascular strain, GI disturbances and heightened sensitivity to stress.
What is anxiety
Discuss the differences between gram positive and gram negative bacteria.
Gram positive- peptidoglycan; endotoxin.
This disorder is denoted by demyelination of the white matter in the brain, axon damage and decreased oligodendrocytes.
What is Multiple Sclerosis.
What are some symptom? What causes exacerbation?Test ordered? What are you looking for?
What is the correct diagnostic for differentiating between bacterial versus viral meningitis?
Spinal tap and cultures.
What are you looking for in differentiation with this diagnostic?
What are some common pathogens for each type?
What contributes to unstable angina?
What are partial or temporary blockages caused by plaque instability.
What occurs with plaques that leads to an MI if unstable angina is left untreated?
This mental health disorder co-occurs with multiple other different mental health disorders including Tourette's syndrome, oppositional defiant disorder, ADHD and depression.
What is Obsessive-compulsive disorder.
What occurs in the brain with OCD?
What is the cell responsible for type IV hypersensitivity reactions?
What are T lymphocytes.
Remember- ACID!
This disorder is the result of paralysis of the seventh cranial nerve.
What is Bell palsy.
When it comes to processing sensory input, what is the role of the thalamus?
What is acting as the brain's sensory hub and directing information to appropriate cortical areas for further processing.
What is the cause of a thunder clap headache and what would be the suspected diagnosis?
What is escape of blood flow from defective or injured vessels into the subarachnoid space, causing a hematoma that expands intracranial volume. This causes compression on brain and displacement of brain tissue, impairing flow of CSF.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage.
This psychotic disorder is equally prevalent in males and females and may present with symptoms including delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and bizarre behavior.
What is schizophrenia.
Examples of disorganized speech? What is an important factor about a patient experiencing delusions?This hypersensitivity reaction is responsible for causing disorders such as Myasthenias Gravis and Graves disease as well as heparin-induced throbocytopenia.
What is type II hypersensitivity.
What else is it known as?
Which antigen mismatch is responsible for severe anemia in a fetus?
Which party is positive with antigens and which is negative?
This part of the brain is responsible for maintaining a constant internal environment as well as implements behavioral patterns.
What is the hypothalamus.
What does it mean to maintain a a constant internal environment?
What about implementing behavioral patterns?
Which spinal injuries are most often associated with temperature fluctuations?
What are T6 and above injuries.
Vasomotor control and sweating capacity below the injury level are compromised.
What are some complications patients experiencing depression are at higher risk for?
Increased risk of suicide and increased cardiac, weight and thyroid complications.
Discuss the four stages of wound healing.
What are hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling.
-Vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation; neutrophils first, then macrophages to eat debris and bacteria, then release of cytokines; extracellular matrix by fibroblasts; scar formation.
In this autoimmune disease, the acetylcholine receptors in the neuromuscular junction are attacked. Patient's commonly have complaints of weakness with activity but returned muscle strength at rest.
What is Myasthenias Gravis.
What changes occur in the brain with long term PTSD?
What is a reduced hippocampus and reduced total brain volume.
Discuss some signs neurological changes that would indicate a need for advanced imaging techniques
Progressive cognitive decline, persistent headaches, seizures, focal neurological deficits, and altered mental status.
What could these signs/symptoms indicate?
Name the five priority questions to ask patients when evaluating mood disorders.
What is:
Symptom onset and duration; family history; physical symptoms; stressors and triggers; medication and substance use, and; cognitive and behavioral patterns
Discuss the release order and roles of the five antibodies.
IgM- initial immune response complement activation
IgG- provides long term immunity, crosses placenta and most prevalent in blood
IgA- mucosal secretions and serves as protectant
IgE- allergic reactions; triggers release of histamine and other mediators
IgD- receptor cell found on the surface of B cells
This demyelinating disorder caused by a humoral and cell-mediated immunologic reaction is directed at peripheral nerves.
What is Guillain-Garre.
What are the manifestations?
Diagnostics?
Discuss the process of stress and cortisol release.
What is activation fo the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.
-Hypothalamus releases corticotropin-releasing hormone, which stimulates the anterior pituitary to release adrenocorticotropic hormone, which acts on the adrenal cortex, thus triggering cortisol release.
What are the names of some vascular brain anomalies associated with seizure or bleeding risk?
What are arteriovenous malformations, cavernous malformations and aneurysms.