DNA
What is the main function of DNA?
DNA carries genetic information that determines the traits of an organism and directs protein synthesis.
What is the main function of RNA?
RNA helps convert the genetic information in DNA into proteins.
Who is known as the “Father of Genetics”?
Gregor Mendel
In pea plants, tall (T) is dominant over short (t).
Cross a heterozygous tall plant (Tt) with a short plant (tt).
Genotype ratio:
2 Tt : 2 tt (1:1)
Phenotype ratio:
2 Tall : 2 Short (1:1)
What is Mrs. M's favorite dessert?
Cheesecake
What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?
Adenine (A)
Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)
Guanine (G)
What are the four nitrogenous bases in RNA?
Adenine (A)
Uracil (U)
Cytosine (C)
Guanine (G)
What is an allele?
An allele is a different form of a gene (for example, tall or short plant height).
Tall (T) is dominant over short (t).
Cross TT × tt.
Genotype: 100% Tt
Phenotype: 100% Tall
What is Mrs. M's favorite place to get Deep Dish Pizza?
Rosati's
What are the base-pairing rules?
Adenine pairs with Thymine (A–T)
Cytosine pairs with Guanine (C–G)
Which base in RNA replaces thymine?
Uracil (U) replaces thymine.
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
Genotype Genetic makeup (e.g., TT, Tt)
Phenotype Physical appearance (e.g., Tall)
Red flowers (RR) crossed with White flowers (WW).
Trait shows incomplete dominance.
Genotype: 100% RW
Phenotype: 100% Pink
What is Mrs. M's favorite pasta dish?
Fettuccine Alfredo
What is something that occurs with all mutations?
Genetic information (DNA) is changed
What is transcription?
Transcription is the process where a segment of DNA is copied into RNA.
What is a recessive trait?
A recessive trait is expressed only when two copies of the allele are present.
In cattle:
R = Red hair
W = White hair
RW = Roan (both red and white hairs visible)
Question:
Cross two roan cattle: RW × RW
Genotype ratio:
1 RR : 2 RW : 1 WW
Phenotype ratio:
1 Red : 2 Roan : 1 White
What is the basic unit of life?
Cell
What is DNA replication?
DNA replication is the process by which DNA makes an exact copy of itself before cell division.
Where is RNA made?
RNA is made in the nucleus during transcription.
What is homozygous?
Homozygous means having two identical alleles (TT or tt).
Cross a red cow (RR) with a white cow (WW)
Genotype: 100% RW
Phenotype: 100% Roan
What part of the atom has a positive charge?
Proton