concept 1
the physical expression of a trait
phenotype
A homozygous red and homozygous white flower have an offspring. What color will it be if flower color follows complete dominance?
red
name something that causes mutations
- radiation
- UV light
- cigarette smoke
- viruses
making an identical copy of a gene or organism
cloning
two of the same alleles
homozygous
A homozygous red and homozygous white flower have an offspring. What color will it be if flower color follows incomplete dominance?
pink
Occurs when chromosomes do not separate correctly during anaphase
nondisjunction
inserting a normal gene into an absent or abnormal gene
draw a punnet square of Rr x Rr. What is the genotypic ratio?
A homozygous red and homozygous white flower have an offspring. What color will it be if flower color follows codominance?
white with red spots
chromosomal mutation that changes the size of chromosomes and results in multiple copies of a single gene
duplication
selective breeding
What law states that each gamete will receive only one chromosome from each parent?
law of segregation
blood type is an example of what two complex inheritance patterns?
codominance, multiple alleles
Explain the difference between a point mutation and a frameshift mutation.
point - substitution, affects one codon
frameshift - insertion/deletion, affects all codons following
breeding organisms that show 2 traits in order to produce offspring that express both traits
hybridization
Name Mendel's 3 laws of inheritance.
law of segregation, law of independent assortment, law of dominance
What is epistasis?
when one gene completely overshadows another (yellow labs)
Two parents are shaded on a pedigree but their child is not shaded in. The disorder shown is most likely autosomal (recessive or dominant)?
autosomal dominant
name a benefit and a drawback of genetic engineering
benefit: organ transplants, crops that last longer, eliminating diseases
drawback: expensive, controversial, many complications/health problems can arise