Family Tree
different forms of a gene
What is an allele?
What is deoxyribonucleic acid?
genetic make-up of an organism; determines the phenotype
What is the genotype?
cell division characterized by an identical daughter cell using less energy and requiring only one parent cell
What is mitosis?
the part of the flower that contains sperm
allele that blocks or "covers up" the weaker alleles; when present it will always show in the phenotype; represented by an upper-case letter
What is a dominant allele?
Chemical base that always pairs with Adenine
What is thymine?
Austrian monk who used pea plants to predict the inheritance of traits; known as the "Father of genetics"
Who is Gregor Mendel?
the cell that results from fertilization
What is a zygote?
the outer layer of a leaf
What is the epidermis?
the study of how traits are passed from parent to offspring
What is genetics?
Chemical Base that always pairs with Guanine
What is cytosine?
type of plant that Mendel used in his studies
What are pea plants?
cell type formed by meiosis
the cells that produce new xylem and phloem cells; between the xylem and phloem in some plants; increases the thickness of stems and roots
What are cambium?
an inheritance pattern when both alleles are strong and expressed; Example: cow with a red coat + cow with a white coat = offspring with a speckled coat
What is codominance?
Structures in a cell that contain genetic information; threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes
What are chromosomes?
a tool used to help determine the probability of the outcome in a genetic cross
What are Punnett Squares?
evolutionary advantage of meiosis
What is genetic diversity?
red, orange, and yellow pigments in plants
What are carotenoids?
an inheritance pattern when a combination of different alleles makes a blended result; example: white flower + red flower = pink flower
What is incomplete dominance?
An organism that has different genes for a trait (Tt)
What is heterozygous?
fraction of the offspring would be expected to have white hair if you cross a horse with WW and a horse with ww whatf
What is 4/4?
changes to offspring resulting in advantages, disadvantages, or death
can be caused by environmental agents like UV radiation, X-rays, and chemicals
What are mutations?
part of the plants that regulate gas exchange and water loss
What is the stomata?