Mitosis
Name a SPECIFIC cell type capable of mitosis
multiple answers
What must be accomplished prior to meiosis in order for the gametes to have the appropriate amount of genetic information?
S phase / DNA Replication
What must be true of two autosomes in order for crossing over to occur between them?
They must be homologous chromosomes
if neither parent expresses a trait in question, and their child expresses the trait in question, can the trait be autosomal dominant?
no (at least one parent would express the trait)
If two parents are heterozygous for an autosomal recessive disease gene, what is the probability their first child has expresses the disease?
1/4
By what process do prokaryotes reproduce?
Binary fission, a mitotic process
How many polar bodies are created for each functional egg cell?
3
Aside from meiotic processes, describe a phenomenon or process that adds to genetic diversity in the population?
random fertilization, or other various answers (cannot be independent assortment or crossing over)
If a father expresses a trait and his son does not, what mode of inheritance can be ruled out without any further information?
Y-linked
Two parents, both heterozygous for an autosomal dominant trait, have a female child. What is the probability that the child expresses the trait phenotypically?
3/4
If a cell has 14 chromatids during metaphase of mitosis, how many chromsomes will be present in each offspring cell?
If a cell has 46 chromosomes after interphase, how many chromosomes will be placed into each nucleus that results from meiosis I ?
23
When a female creates egg cells, how many of the 23 chromosomes in the ova are her paternal chromosomes?
unknown due to independent assortment
A woman who is heterozygous for an X-linked recessive trait marries a man who does not carry the allele for the trait. Predict the phenotype of a female child of this couple.
The female child MUST get the dominant allele from the father (since this is the only allele he has), and therefore will not express the X-linked recessive trait in question.
Two parents, both carriers for an autosomal recessive trait, have two female children. What is the probability that both children express the trait phenotypically?
1/4 * 1/4 = 1/16
What are the major functions of mitosis in sexually reproducing organisms?
growth, repair, maintenance / regeneration of certain tissues
If a cell has 46 chromosomes after interphase, how many chromatids will be placed into each nucleus that results from meiosis I ?
46
When prokaryotes reproduce, under normal circumstances, explain any increase in genetic diversity associated with the cell division process
There is no gain in genetic diversity under normal successful mitotic processes. The offspring cells are clones of the parent cells.
A man who carries the dominant allele for an X-linked recessive trait marries a woman who expresses the trait. Predict the phenotype of their male offspring, and separately for their female offspring.
The male offspring gets the Y from the father, and the X-linked recessive allele from the mother. Therefore the male offspring express the trait.
The female offspring get the dominant allele from the father and the recessive allele from the mother. Therefore the female offspring do not express the trait.
A male with a copy of an X-linked dominant allele marries a woman who is homozygous recessive for the trait in question. What is the probability that a male offspring of this couple expresses the trait phenotypically?
0
How many nuclei exist, and how many chromosomes exist, in a cell after telophase but prior to cytokinesis?
2 nuclei, each of which has 46 chromosomes
What if there is an incorrect division during meiosis I of spermatogenesis, such that both the maternal and paternal copy of a given autosome both move to the same nucleus after Meiosis I ? Describe the chromosomal situation in the offspring cells using correct terminology.
trisomy will be present in two of the resulting gametes, and monosomy will be present in two of the resulting gametes.
If a diploid cell has three pairs of chromosomes, what is the number of possible ways that those chromosomes can be arranged during metaphase I?
8
Two parents both express an X-linked dominant trait. Is it possible for one of their children to not express the trait? If not, explain why not. If so, explain under what conditions.
The male children only get one X chromosome. If the mother has one dominant and one recessive allele, it is possible for her to pass the recessive allele to a MALE CHILD and for that male child to express the trait. However, since the father has the dominant allele, all of his FEMALE CHILDREN will express the dominant trait.
An individual expressing an autosomal dominant trait phenotypically, is test crossed with another individual, and 8 offspring are produced. Five of the offspring express the trait, and the other three do not. What are the genotypes of each of the parents using "A" to signify a dominant allele at the locus in question, and "a" to signify a recessive allele at the locus in question.
Aa and aa