The Basics
Passing of physical characteristics from parents to offspring
Heredity
Two brown eyed parents (Bb) have a baby. What is the chance the baby is blue eyed?
25% chance of having a blue eyed baby
The factors that control a trait
Genes
An organism's genetic arrangement, or allele combinations
Genotype
The genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)
Different characteristics such as color and height are called ...
Traits
Organisms that have inherited two different forms of the same trait, one from each parent
Hybrid
The offspring of parents that possess the same genetic makeup or alleles
Purebred
An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits
Phenotype
Allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present
Dominant
The scientific study of heredity is called ...
Genetics
Give an example of how genetic engineering can be helpful
Medicines, creating disease resistant plants, make food more nutritious, plant producing its own pesticide.
A genetic disorder caused by an extra copy of a chromosome
Down Syndrome
Brown hair (B) is dominant to blonde hair (b). How many offspring would you expect to have brown hair in a cross between 1 purebred (homozygous) and 1 purebred recessive parent.
4/4 OR 100%
The "rungs" of DNA are formed by four basic molecules called what?
Bases
Who is dubbed the "Father of Genetics"
Gregor Mendel
A recessive allele is represented by a __________ letter, while dominant allele is represented by a __________ letter.
lowercase and uppercase
Sickle Cell Anemia
A diagram used to show the probability of certain genetic traits for the offspring of any two parents
Punnett Square
Who discovered the shape of the DNA molecule
Watson & Crick
How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?
23 pairs
Mendel did THIS when he removed pollen from a flower on one plant and brushed the pollen onto a flower on a second plant
Crossed the pea plants
A disease that is caused by an overproduction of mucus in the body
Cystic Fibrosis
Name a factor other than genetic inheritance that can affect your traits
Environment, health habits (eating & exercise)
The hidden form of an inherited trait
Recessive trait