General Protein Synthesis
What are the building block of proteins?
amino acids
Where does transcription occur?
Nucleus
Where does translation occur?
Ribosome
What type of mutation swaps one base for another?
Point mutation- substitution
What is the DNA strand that codes for this mRNA:
CGA UUG ACC
GCT AAC TGG
What base differs between DNA and RNA?
T > U
Transcription takes a DNA template to create what?
mRNA
UAC CGC AAA
How many bases are needed to create a polypeptide that is 12 amino acids long?
36 bases
A codon is how many bases?
3
ATG GCT TAG
UAC CGA AUC
What amino acids are being coded for here?
AUG GGU ACC
Methionine, Glycine, Threonine
If a mutation changes the mRNA to code for a valine rather than a alanine, what type of mutation is it?
Missense
What is the amino acid sequence for the following RNA: CCA AAU GCG AUC?
Pro-Asp-Ala-Iso
What is the sugar in an RNA molecule?
Ribose
What enzyme is responsible for transcribing DNA?
RNA polymerase
What are the 3 types of RNA and what do they do?
rRNA (creates ribosomes)
tRNA (carries the amino acids to the ribosome)
ACC AGA CCC
Mutated strand:
ACC, AGG, CCC
What mutation has occured?
Silent
Normal Sequence:
TAA GCG CAT
Mutated Sequence:
TAG CGC AT
What type of mutation occured and where?
Deletion of first G
What happens to the polypeptide after it is released from the ribosome in order to become a functional protein?
It folds based on the charges/structure of amino acids present.
What codon would you find at the beginning of a gene in DNA and give one example of one you might find at the end of the gene.
Start: TAC
Stop: ACT, ATC, ATT
Given the following amino acid sequence, provide the mRNA sequence. Alanine, Lysine, Glutamine
GCU/GCC/GCA/GCG, AAG/AAA, CAG/CAA
What would be the result of the following mutation?
Original:
AGG UGU CCA
Mutated:
AGG UGA CCA
Nonsense mutation inserts a stop codon so the polypeptide would be shorter than it is supposed to be.
Transcribe and then translate the following DNA sequence:
TAG ACT CAT
AUC-UGA-GUA
Iso-Stop