Definitions
What is a gene?
Genes: Segments of DNA that code for specific traits
What is the purpose of a Punnett Square?
Punnett squares are used to predict the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring.
Requires two organisms to occur
Sexual Reproduction
What is this allele: tt?
homozygous recessive
Where do genetic mutations occur?
DNA
What is an allele?
Alleles: Different versions of the same gene
If B=brown eyes and b=blue eyes, what are the possible genotypes of the cross Bb x bb?
Bb and bb
Can also be thought of as "cloning"
Asexual Reproduction
What is this allele?: Tt
Heterozygous
What is a genetic mutation?
A genetic mutation is a change in the DNA sequence
What is a dominant allele?
Dominant: An allele that masks the effect of a recessive allele
If L=long hair and l=short hair, what would the genotypic percentage for a cross between two shorthair cats?
100% short hair
Can occur more quickly
Asexual reproduction
What is a pedigree?
A pedigree is a diagram showing the inheritance of a trait through several generations of a family.
What is a mutagen?
A mutagen is a physical or chemical agent that can cause changes to DNA.
What is a genotype?
Genotype: The genetic makeup of an organism
What is the definition of a Punnett square?
A chart that is able to make predictions of an organism's genotype and phenotype
What is the difference in the genetic outcomes in the offspring between the two ways of reproduction? (Diversity)
Asexual reproduction- little to no genetic diversity
Sexual reproduction- offspring have genetic diversity
What do circles and squares represent on a pedigree?
Circle-females
Squares-males
Name an example of one of the types of mutations.
Substitution, Deletion, or insertion
What is a phenotype?
Phenotype: The observable characteristics of an organism
What are the steps to completing a Punnett square?
1. Write the alleles of one parent across the top of the square
2. Write the alleles of the other parent down the left side of the square
3. Fill in the boxes with the combinations of alleles from both parents
Name an example of an organism that uses Asexual Reproduction, then name a possible advantage to using this type of reproduction.
Ms. L will determine if correct!
How can you determine if an individual on a pedigree is affected by a trait?
The circle or square is filled in
Recall your research topic for the Technology part of the Genetic Technologies and Careers assignment. Then name what your genetic technology was and what it does.
Ms. L will determine if correct!