Forestry
This method of harvesting trees involves removing all or almost all of the trees within an area
What is clearcutting?
This agricultural practice is also known as shifting agriculture
What is slash and burn?
This type of pesticide remains in the environment for years to decades
What is a persistent pesticide?
Fishery collapse is defined as the decline of a fish population by _____% or more
What is 90%?
The water supply of coastal cities, when too much pumping overdraws underground aquifers, can become contaminated with this
What is salt water?
The natural or intentional restocking of trees after clearcutting to repopulate the forest is called this
What is reforestation?
There are three main chemical elements found in fertilizer. Name two!
What are nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium?
Using GMO crops __________ the need for pesticide use.
What is decreases?
The majority of recent growth in the fishing industry is associated with this technique
What is aquaculture (fish farming)?
Pavement or other surfaces that do not allow water penetration are called this
What are impervious surfaces?
A large area typically planted with a single fast-growing tree species is called this
What is a tree plantation?
This sustainable agriculture technique does not involve plowing the soil between growing seasons
What is no-till agriculture?
This agricultural practice uses a variety of techniques to minimize pesticide inputs
What is IPM, or integrated pest management?
This type of fishing boat sets out hundreds of hooks in the ocean, often catching non-target species along with those that they are looking for
What are long-line fishing boats?
Name a major cause of urban sprawl
Availability of cars and highways to access the suburbs
Lower cost of living in the suburbs
Lack of support for urban areas, leading to urban blight
Government funding for highway construction and suburban housing and development
Selective cutting favors the growth of trees that are tolerant of this environmental condition
What is shade?
This type of fertilizer can be targeted to the needs of a specific crop, and is known for working quickly
What is synthetic fertilizer?
Some pests can develop resistance to chemical pesticides. The process by which this happens is called this
What is the pesticide treadmill?
This type of fishing boat drags nets, which can damage ecosystems on the ocean floor
What are trawlers?
Name the best environmental adaptation that cities can do in order to reduce urban runoff
More trees! Increased intentional green space, such as:
Public parks surrounded by unpaved surfaces
Rooftop gardens
Describe one way in which local waterways can be harmed by clearcutting
Increased erosion leading to increased sediment runoff
Increased sunlight raising water temperatures, decreasing the amount of DO in the water
This technique is employed in order to prevent herds of cattle outdoors from eating all of the vegetation in an area
What is rotational grazing?
Biocontrol uses living organisms to control pest populations. Name two drawbacks to its use.
- Requires money/training/labor
- May target non-target species
- May become an invasive species
- May not work!
Name two drawbacks associated with aquaculture.
High density of fish yields high density of waste products - risk of eutrophication
Increased risk of disease
May introduce non-native species to the local ecosystem if the enclosure is damaged
As urbanization increases, the rates of water infiltration __________ and the rates of surface runoff __________.
What are decrease and increase?